Baal Shem Tov

Japanese: Baal Shem Tov(英語表記)BaalShemTov
Baal Shem Tov

...The term derives from the Hebrew word hasid (pious) and generally refers to the pietistic movement that appeared in the history of Jewish religion and that respects the inner nature of the law, but in a more narrow sense it refers to the religious reform movement that spread among the Jewish masses in Poland and Ukraine in the early 18th century, which advocated the belief in the unity of the sacred and the secular. Its founder was Israel ben Eliezer (1698-1760), known as the "Lord of the Good Name, Baal Shem Tov." This movement was regarded as heretical by the orthodox and despised as superstition by the intellectual classes, but Buber rediscovered its deep religious meaning and reevaluated it (although his understanding of Hasidism has also been criticized as being too subjective). ...

From [Judaism]

...The Hasidic movement arose in Eastern Europe as an attempt to overcome the serious spiritual crisis left by the Sabbatai uprising. Baal Shem Tov (1698-1760), a poor Ukrainian, immersed himself in a state of ecstasy and preached the importance of mystical salvation through communing with God in prayer, capturing the hearts of the Jewish masses who were tired of dry legalism. However, the Orthodox considered Hasidism, which emphasized ecstasy over the study of the law, to be heretical, and started a movement called Mitnaggedim (meaning "opponents").

*Some of the glossaries that refer to the "Baal Shem Tov" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…この語はヘブライ語のhasid(敬虔なるもの)に由来し,広くユダヤ宗教史上に現れた〈律法〉の内面性を尊重する敬虔主義の運動を指しているが,とくに狭義には18世紀の初頭ポーランドやウクライナのユダヤ人大衆の間に広まった聖・俗一如の信仰を主張する宗教的革新運動をいう。その創始者は〈よき名の主Baal Shem Tov〉と呼ばれるイスラエル・ベン・エリエゼルIsrael ben Eliezer(1698‐1760)である。この運動は正統派からは異端視され,また知識階級からは迷信的なものとして軽視されてきたが,ブーバーによって再びその深い宗教的意味が見いだされ再評価されている(もっとも彼のハシディズム理解はあまりにも主観的にすぎるとして批判される面もある)。…

【ユダヤ教】より

…サバタイ騒動が残した深刻な精神的危機を克服する試みの中から,東ヨーロッパでハシディズム運動が起こった。ウクライナの貧民出身のバアル・シェムトーブBaal Shem Tov(1698‐1760)は法悦状態に没入し,祈禱において神と交わる神秘的救いの重要性を説いて,無味乾燥な律法主義にあきていたユダヤ人大衆の心をつかんだ。しかし,正統派は,律法研究よりも法悦を重視するハシディズムを異端とみなし,〈ミトナグディームMitnaggedim〉(〈反対者〉の意)という運動を起こした。…

※「Baal Shem Tov」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

<<:  Baal-Zebub (English spelling)

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