The proper name of the star Alpha Boötes. It is also called Arcturus. It comes from the Greek word arktouros, meaning "guardian of the bear." It is said to have got its name because it follows a diurnal motion in the northern sky, following closely behind the Big Dipper (Ursa Major). In China it was called Daikaku, and in some parts of Japan it was called Mugiboshi (wheat star). The latter name comes from the fact that it shines close overhead after sunset around the time of the wheat harvest. Its average apparent magnitude is -0.04, but varies by 0.1 magnitude. It is a bright orange giant star of spectral type K2. Its position on the celestial sphere is 14:16 hours right ascension and +19 degrees 11 minutes declination at the 2000 equinox. It is 37 light years away from Earth. Its surface temperature is 4300 K, and its radius is 24 times that of the Sun. This radius was measured directly by a stellar interferometer. Its mass is thought to be similar to or slightly smaller than the Sun. Arcturus is a high-velocity star, and its relative spatial motion with respect to the solar system reaches 125 kilometers per second. Of this, the line-of-sight velocity component is only 5 kilometers per second, and most of it is reflected in its vertical component, which is its motion on the celestial sphere, and it shows a large proper motion of 2.29 seconds per year in terms of angle. The distance between Arcturus and the sun is currently decreasing, but in a few thousand years it will start to move away from it, and in about 500,000 years it will be so far away that it will be invisible to the naked eye. The Sun and many nearby stars are in roughly unison, moving in a circular motion around the Galactic Center, roughly aligned with the Galactic Plane. However, there are a small number of stars that move in elongated elliptical orbits that are highly inclined to the Galactic Plane. Stars that move out of this alignment are observed as high-velocity stars when viewed from the Sun. High-velocity stars are generally old stars, and belong to Population II. The chemical composition of Arcturus' atmosphere also indicates that it is Population II, with fewer metallic elements than the Sun, which is a Population I star. [Akira Okazaki] [Reference] |A red giant star in the constellation Boötes. It is also called Arcturus, and in Japan it was called "Barley Star." Together with Eta Ursa Major and Spica in Virgo, it forms the "Great Spring Arc. " Photo provided by Nayoro City Astronomical Observatory . Alpha Boötes (Arcturus) ©Akira Fujii "> Boötes Provided by Gunma Astronomical Observatory. Text and lines added to photos © Gunma Astronomical Observatory . Spring's Great Curve Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
うしかい座α(アルファ)星の固有名。アルクトゥルスともいう。ギリシア語で「熊の番人arktouros」の意。北天で、北斗七星(おおぐま座)のすぐ後をついていくように日周運動しているため、その名があるという。中国では大角といい、日本ではいくつかの地方で麦星(むぎぼし)とよばれていた。後者は、麦刈りのころ、日没後に頭上近くで輝くことに由来する。 平均の実視等級はマイナス0.04等であるが、0.1等幅で変光している。オレンジ色の明るい星で、スペクトル型K2の巨星。天球上の位置は、2000年分点の座標で赤経14時16分、赤緯プラス19度11分である。地球からの距離は37光年。表面温度は4300K、半径は24倍。この半径は恒星干渉計で直接測定された。質量は太陽と比べて同程度かやや小さいとみられている。 アークトゥルスは高速度星で、太陽系に対する相対的な空間運動は秒速125キロメートルにも及ぶ。このうち視線方向の速度成分は秒速5キロメートルにすぎず、大部分はその垂直成分である天球上の動きとして反映され、角度で年間2.29秒という大きい固有運動を示している。アークトゥルスと太陽との距離は現在縮まりつつあるが、数千年後からは遠ざかるようになり、およそ50万年後には肉眼で見えないほど離れてしまう。 太陽と近傍の多くの星々はだいたいそろって、銀河中心の周りをほぼ銀河面に沿って円運動している。しかし、少数ではあるが、銀河面に対して大きく傾斜した細長い楕円(だえん)軌道を描く星々もある。このような列を乱して運動する星々が、太陽から見ると、高速度星として観測されるのである。高速度星は一般に古い星で、種族Ⅱに属している。アークトゥルスの大気の化学組成も、種族Ⅰの太陽などと比べて金属元素の量が少なく、種族Ⅱであることを示している。 [岡崎 彰] [参照項目] |うしかい座にある赤色巨星。アルクトゥルスともいい、日本では「麦星」ともよばれた。おおぐま座のη星、おとめ座のスピカと「春の大曲線」をつくる写真提供/なよろ市立天文台"> うしかい座α星(アークトゥルス) ©藤井 旭"> うしかい座 県立ぐんま天文台提供写真に文字・線を加筆©県立ぐんま天文台"> 春の大曲線 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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