The accumulation of means of production and the development of productivity that accompanies capital accumulation generally tend to increase the amount of means of production used per worker, and relatively decrease the number of workers employed by capital. K. Marx called this the law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall in the capital accumulation process, because this advancement of capital structure also tends to cause the average rate of profit of the total capital of society to fall. It is often simplified as the law of the falling rate of profit. According to Marx's understanding that the source of profit is surplus value ( m ) produced by labor power, the rate of profit ( p ') can be expressed by the formula p ' = m / C , where C is the invested capital. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
資本の蓄積にともなう生産手段の集積と生産力の発展は,一般に労働者1人当りが使用する生産手段量を増大して,資本が雇用する労働者数を相対的に減少させる傾向にある。K.マルクスは,こうした資本構成の高度化が社会の総資本の平均利潤率をも傾向的に低落させることになるとして,これを資本の蓄積過程において作用する利潤率の傾向的低下の法則と呼んだ。利潤率低下の法則と簡略化していうことも多い。 利潤の源泉を労働力によって生みだされる剰余価値(m)に求めたマルクスの理解によれば,利潤率(p′)は,投下資本をCとおくとp′=m/Cという式で表すことができる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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