Dana, James Dwight

Japanese: デーナ（英語表記）Dana， James Dwight

Born: February 12, 1813, Utica, New York
[Died] April 14, 1895, New Haven. American mineralogist and geologist. After graduating from Yale University, he became an instructor at the Naval Academy (1833), assistant at Yale University (36), and then a professor at Yale University (56). He was president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Geological Society, and a founding member of the National Academy of Sciences. In his twenties, he invented the notation method for crystal faces (34), and traveled around Europe and the South Pacific. In 1873, he proposed the terms geosyncline and geoanticline, which are fundamental concepts in mountain building, based on the research of J. Hall, and discussed the formation of geosynclines by incorporating the theory of contraction of the earth. He also made outstanding contributions to the study of marine fauna, and is known as an editor of the American Journal of Science. His books include A System of Mineralogy (37) and many others.

Dana
Dana, Richard Henry, Jr.

Born: August 1, 1815, Cambridge, Massachusetts
[Died] January 6, 1882. Rome American novelist and lawyer. While studying at Harvard University, he developed an eye disease and in 1834, in order to recover his eyesight, he became a sailor and set sail from Boston around Cape Horn to California. He re-enrolled at Harvard in 1836 and graduated the following year. After teaching at the same university, he entered the legal profession in 1840, and was particularly active as a "sailors' lawyer." He wrote Two Years Before the Mast (40), which was based on his logbook and vividly describes the realities of a sailor's life, and became famous overnight. His The Seaman's Friend (41) is a famous legal guide for sailors.

Dana
Dana, Francis

Born June 13, 1743 in Charlestown, Massachusetts.
Died April 25, 1811. Massachusetts American lawyer and diplomat. Signer of the Articles of Confederation. On the eve of the American Revolution, he stayed in England from 1774 to 1775 and tried to reconcile the colonies with England, but after 1776 he became a leading figure in the revolutionary movement. After serving as a representative in the Continental Congress (1776-1778), he became secretary to J. Adams, the envoy plenipotentiary to the Paris Peace Conference in 1779, and the following year he went to Russia to campaign for recognition of the United States, but failed. He later served as an associate justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Court (1785-1806) and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1791-1806).

Dana
Dana, Charles Anderson

Born: August 8, 1819, Hinsdale, New Hampshire
[Died] October 17, 1897. Glen Cove, New York. American newspaper editor and social reformer. Dropped out of Harvard University in 1841. Lived at Brook Farm, a utopian experimental farm, from September of that year until March 1846. Later joined the editorial staff of the New York Tribune (1849-1862), and from 1868 until his death, he was a member of the management team of the New York Sun, serving as editor-in-chief.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1813.2.12. ニューヨーク，ユチカ
[没]1895.4.14. ニューヘーブン
アメリカの鉱物学者，地質学者。エール大学卒業後，海軍兵学校教官 (1833) ，エール大学助手 (36) を経てエール大学教授 (56) 。アメリカ科学振興協会および地質学会の会長，科学アカデミー創立会員。 20歳代で結晶面記号法を考案し (34) ，またヨーロッパ各地や南太平洋をめぐり，1873年に，造山運動の基本的概念となっている地向斜，地背斜の術語を J.ホールの研究に基づいて提唱し，地球収縮説を取入れて地向斜の形成を論じた。海洋動物の研究にもすぐれた業績を残したほか，『アメリカン・ジャーナル・オブ・サイエンス』誌の編集者としても知られる。著書は『鉱物学体系』A System of Mineralogy (37) ほか多数。

デーナ
Dana， Richard Henry， Jr.

[生]1815.8.1. マサチューセッツ，ケンブリッジ
[没]1882.1.6. ローマ
アメリカの小説家，弁護士。ハーバード大学在学中，眼病をわずらい，視力を回復する目的で 1834年水夫となって，ボストンからホーン岬を回ってカリフォルニアに向う航海に出た。 36年ハーバード大学に再入学して翌年卒業。同大学で教鞭をとったのち，40年法曹界に入り，特に「水夫のための弁護士」として活躍。先の航海日誌をもとに，水夫生活の実情を克明に伝える『水夫としての2年間』 Two Years Before the Mast (40) を書き，一躍有名になった。『水夫のための手引』 The Seaman's Friend (41) は，水夫のための法律解説書として有名。

デーナ
Dana， Francis

[生]1743.6.13. マサチューセッツ，チャールズタウン
[没]1811.4.25. マサチューセッツ
アメリカの法律家，外交官。連合規約の署名者。独立革命前夜の 1774～75年イギリスに滞在し植民地とイギリスとの和解に努力したが，76年以後は革命派の指導的人物となった。大陸会議代表 (1776～78) を経て，79年パリ平和会議の全権特使 J.アダムズの秘書となり，翌年ロシアにおもむきアメリカ承認を求める運動をしたが失敗。その後マサチューセッツ州最高裁判所陪席判事 (85～1806) ，同長官 (1791～1806) を歴任。

デーナ
Dana， Charles Anderson

[生]1819.8.8. ニューハンプシャー，ヒンズデール
[没]1897.10.17. ニューヨーク，グレンコーブ
アメリカの新聞編集者，社会改革者。 1841年ハーバード大学中退。同年9月から 46年3月までユートピア的実験農場ブルック・ファームに住む。のち『ニューヨーク・トリビューン』紙の編集に加わり (1849～62) ，また 68年から死ぬまで『ニューヨーク・サン』紙の経営陣に加わってその主筆をつとめた。

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