Very sudden flooding. Flooding in mountainous areas during heavy rains is very sudden and often takes the form of flash flooding. Flash flooding is often caused by a natural dam created by a landslide that holds back a valley bursting, causing the stored water to flow out all at once. It can also be caused by torrential rainfall in mountainous areas with exposed rocks. Debris flows seen during heavy rainfall are also rapid outflows, but are distinct from flash floods, which contain very high concentrations of debris and a high proportion of water. In semi-arid climates, rainfall in mountainous areas can run off suddenly, and is called a flash flood. [Kazuo Ashida and Takahisa Mizuyama] [Reference items] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
非常に急激な出水。豪雨時における山地部の出水は非常に急激で、しばしば鉄砲水の形態をとる。鉄砲水の発生は、山崩れなどでつくられた、谷をせき止めていた天然ダムが決壊し、貯留されていた水が一時に流出するような現象に起因する場合が多い。また、岩の露出した山岳地域に集中豪雨が降ることに起因する場合も考えられる。 豪雨時にみられる土石流は同じく急激な流出であるが、土石の濃度が非常に高く、水分の割合の多い鉄砲水とは区別される。半乾燥の気候では、山地に降った雨が急激に流出することがあり、フラッシュフラッドflash floodとよばれる。 [芦田和男・水山高久] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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