Thessaloniki - Thessaloniki (English spelling)

Japanese: テッサロニキ - てっさろにき(英語表記)Thessaloníki
Thessaloniki - Thessaloniki (English spelling)

The capital of Thessaloniki Prefecture in the Macedonia region in northern Greece. Its English name is Salonika, and in ancient Greek it is Thessalonike (Thessalonike in the Japanese translation of the New Testament). It is located at the base of the Chalkidiki Peninsula, in the head of the Thermaic Gulf (Saronic Gulf). It has a population of 363,987 (2001). It is the second largest city in Greece after the capital Athens, and is the administrative, cultural, economic and industrial center of the northern part of the country. It is also a port city exporting grain, leather, tobacco, etc., and is the base of railways and roads. In addition to the manufacture of textiles and leather products, wine and beer brewing, and construction material production, the city is also well-developed in industries such as the oil industry, heavy metals and heavy chemicals in partnership with a French company, and communication equipment in partnership with Siemens of Germany. There are many historical ruins, including the Triumphal Arch built by the Roman Emperor Galerius in the 4th century, the Basilica of St. Demetrios (5th century), the Cathedral of Hagia Sophia (8th century), and the White Tower (15th century) built by the Venetians or Turks.

Thessaloniki Prefecture has an area of ​​3,683 square kilometers and a population of 1,062,300 (estimated as of 2001). Industry is developing around the prefectural capital.

[Tomoko Mashita]

history

Around 316 BC, Cassander, who ruled Macedonia at the time, built the city by integrating over 20 villages, including Therme, and named it after his wife. It developed as Macedonia's first port, surrendered to Rome in 168 BC, and became the capital of the Macedonian province in 146 BC. It flourished during the imperial period as a key location on the Via Egnatia, which connected the Adriatic Sea with Byzantium (now Istanbul), and the Christian apostle Paul also preached here. During the Byzantine Empire, Emperor Justinian gave it the status of a city second only to Constantinople (now Istanbul), and it reached the height of its prosperity, but in 1430 it became part of the Ottoman Empire, and in 1913 it was handed over to Greece.

[Shoji Kiyonaga]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ギリシア北部、マケドニア地方テッサロニキ県の県都。英語名サロニカSalonika、古代ギリシア語ではテッサロニケ(日本語訳の『新約聖書』ではテサロニケ)Thessalonike。カルキディキ半島の基部、テルマイコス湾(サロニカ湾)の湾奥に位置する。人口36万3987(2001)。首都アテネに次ぐギリシア第二の大都市で、同国北部の行政、文化、経済、産業の中心地。穀物、皮革、たばこなどを輸出する港湾都市でもあり、鉄道・道路の基点ともなっている。繊維・皮製品の製造、ワイン、ビールの醸造、建築資材製作のほか、石油工業、フランス企業との提携による重金属・重化学、ドイツのジーメンス社との提携による通信機材など、工業も発達している。歴史的遺跡が多く、4世紀にローマ皇帝ガレリウスが建てた凱旋(がいせん)門、聖デメトリオス教会のバシリカ(5世紀)、聖ソフィア大寺院(8世紀)、ベネチア人またはトルコ人が建てた白塔(15世紀)などが残る。

 テッサロニキ県は面積3683平方キロメートル、人口106万2300(2001推計)。県都を中心に工業が発達する。

[真下とも子]

歴史

紀元前316年ごろ、当時マケドニアを支配していたカッサンドロスが、テルメThermeなど20余の村を統合して建設し、彼の妻の名をとって市の名とした。マケドニア第一の港として発展し、前168年ローマに屈服、前146年には属州マケドニアの首府となった。アドリア海とビザンティウム(現イスタンブール)を結ぶエグナティア街道上の要地として帝政期に栄え、キリスト教の使徒パウロもここに伝道した。ビザンティン帝国時代、ユスティニアヌス帝によりコンスタンティノポリス(現イスタンブール)に次ぐ都市の地位を与えられ、繁栄の頂点に達したが、1430年にオスマン帝国領となり、1913年ギリシアに譲られた。

[清永昭次]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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