War Victims Assistance

Japanese: 戦争犠牲者援護 - せんそうぎせいしゃえんご

Systems to support war victims based on the spirit of national compensation, including the Pension Law, the War-Wounded, Sick and Dead Survivors Assistance Law, and the Special Assistance Law for War-Wounded and Sick Persons. Military pensions, which had existed since the early Meiji period, were abolished by Imperial Ordinance No. 68 (promulgated in January 1946) based on the directive of the occupying forces after World War II, but the War-Wounded, Sick and Dead Survivors Assistance Law was enacted (promulgated in 1952) with the coming into force of the San Francisco Treaty (concluded in 1951). With the revival of military pensions (1953), military personnel and their surviving families became the subjects of the Pension Law, and the subjects of the Assistance Law were expanded to include military personnel and quasi-military personnel (employees of the former military, South Manchuria Railway employees, mobilized students, conscripted workers, air defense patrol personnel, etc., and their surviving families), and the contents of the benefits, the scope of public duties, and the scope of surviving families were improved through a series of amendments over 20 times.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

恩給法をはじめ戦傷病者戦没者遺族等援護法，戦傷病者特別援護法など戦争犠牲者を国家補償の精神に基づいて援護する制度。明治初期から存続した軍人恩給は第2次大戦後の占領軍指令に基づく勅令68号(1946年1月公布)により廃止されたが，サンフランシスコ条約(1951締結)発効を契機に戦傷病者戦没者遺族等援護法が制定された(1952公布)。軍人恩給の復活(1953)により軍人とその遺族は恩給法の対象に移行し，援護法の対象は，軍属と準軍属(旧軍部内の雇傭人，満鉄職員，動員学徒，徴用工，防空監視隊員等ならびにその遺族)に拡大され，20回に及ぶ改正の積重ねによりその給付内容，公務の対象範囲，遺族の範囲が改善された。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

<<: Prelude (Latin: praeambulum)

>>: War paintings