Jeong Yak Yong - Jeong Yak Yong

A great scholar in the late Joseon Dynasty, Korea, and the founder of Korean practical learning. Born in Naju, Jeolla Province (born Yanggeun, Gyeonggi Province), his courtesy name was Miyong. His pen names were Dasan and Yeoyudang. Born to a Namin family during the heyday of practical learning, at the age of 16 he read the posthumous work of Yi (1681-1763) and aspired to become a practitioner of practical learning (practical learning). At the age of 23, he heard about Western learning (Catholic thought and Western science) from Yi Bak (1754-1786) and came into contact with his books. His knowledge of Western science was immediately put to use in the construction of Suwon Fortress (using a crane) and in the treatment of smallpox (Magakhoetong). Immediately after the death of his patron Jeongjo (reigned 1776-1800), who was an sympathetic believer in Western learning, a major crackdown on Catholicism occurred (the Shinyu Prison and Hwangsiyeong Baekseso Incident in 1801), and he was exiled to Jangman and then to Gangjin (South Jeolla Province). He was exiled to Gangjin for 18 years, but his motivation was his anger at the pitiful conditions of the peasants and the injustice and corruption of the corrupt government officials, and he devoted himself to the study of the Four Books and Five Classics and to the search for concrete solutions. Most of his extensive writings were written in this exile. His large works, Jingsei Yipyo (Reforms to the Land System and Tax System, etc.) and Mokmin Simseo (A Treatise on the Control of Government Officials (Sokuri), etc.) are the culmination of his people-loving, practical scholarship.

[Haruhisa Ogawa October 19, 2016]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

朝鮮、李朝(りちょう)後期の大学者、朝鮮実学の大成者。全羅(ぜんら)道羅州の人（出生は京畿(けいき)道楊根）。字(あざな)は美鏞。号は茶山、與猶堂(よゆうどう)。実学の全盛期に南人の家に生まれ、16歳のとき李(りよく)（1681―1763）の遺著を読んで経世済民(けいせいさいみん)（実学）に志す。23歳のとき李蘗(りばく)（1754―1786）から西学（カトリック思想と西洋科学）の話を聞き、書物に触れる。西洋科学の知識は水原(すいげん)城築城法（起重機使用）や痘瘡(とうそう)治療（麻科会通）にすぐに活(い)かされた。西学に理解があり、彼の庇護(ひご)者であった正祖（在位1776～1800）が死ぬと即座にカトリック教への大弾圧が起こり（1801年の辛酉(しんゆう)教獄・黄嗣永帛書(こうしえいはくしょ)事件）、彼は長鬐(ちょうき)、続いて康津(こうしん)（全羅南道）に流された。康津配流(はいる)は実に18年に及んだが、農民の惨状と汚吏貪官(おりどんかん)の不正腐敗への憤りを原動力に、四書五経の古典研究と具体的な解決策の考究に励んだ。彼の膨大な著述のほとんどがこの配流地で書かれた。大著『経世遺表』（田制・税制改革ほか）と『牧民心書』（官吏取締り論〈束吏(そくり)〉ほか）は愛民的、実践的な彼の学問の総結晶である。

［小川晴久　2016年10月19日］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例