The finest clastic particles are silt and clay, and the mixture of these is generally called mud, and the solidified rock is made of them. It is also used as a general term for fine-grained clastic rocks such as siltstone, claystone, and shale. It can also refer to homogeneous, massive, fine-grained clastic rocks, distinguished from shale, which has parallel laminations. It is mainly composed of clay minerals, but also contains fine clastic particles such as quartz and feldspar, and may contain carbonate minerals and silica (silicon dioxide) minerals that have been chemically precipitated from seawater or formed during diagenesis. In addition, there are intermediate properties such as siliceous, calcareous, and organic, due to the presence of volcanic ash, planktonic biological remains such as diatoms, radiolarians, and foraminifera, and organic carbon in various proportions. When weathering progresses significantly under hot and humid conditions, many components dissolve, leaving behind iron and aluminum oxides and hydroxides, forming a type of mudstone called laterite. Mudstone is generally used as a field term, and when the composition of the material is known, it is further classified into tuffaceous siltstone and diatomaceous mudstone. Those with properties intermediate between this and limestone are called marls. [Saito Yasuji] [References] | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
砕屑(さいせつ)粒子のなかで細粒のものはシルトと粘土であるが、これらの混合物は一般に泥とよばれ、それの固結した岩石。シルト岩、粘土岩、頁岩(けつがん)などの細粒砕屑岩の総称としても用いられる。層理面に平行な葉理が発達している頁岩と区別して、均質で塊状の細粒砕屑岩をさす場合もある。粘土鉱物を主体とするが、微細な石英や長石などの砕屑粒子を含み、海水から化学的に沈殿した、あるいは続成作用の過程でできた炭酸塩鉱物やシリカ(二酸化ケイ素)鉱物を含むこともある。また、火山灰、浮遊性の珪藻・放散虫・有孔虫のような生物遺骸(いがい)、有機性炭素などがいろいろな割合で混在するため、珪質、石灰質、有機質といった中間的な性質のものがある。高温多湿の条件下で風化作用が著しく進行した場合、多くの成分が溶解し、鉄とアルミニウムの酸化・水酸化物が残ってできる泥質岩があり、それはラテライトとよばれている。泥岩は一般に野外用語として使われ、構成物質の内容がわかった場合には、凝灰質シルト岩とか珪藻質泥岩のようにさらに細かく分類される。これと石灰岩との中間的な性質のものは、泥灰岩(マール)とよばれている。 [斎藤靖二] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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