Dionysus

Japanese: ディオニュソス

Bacchus (Latin: Bacchus, pronounced Bacchus in English) is a god of fertility and wine in Greek mythology. He was the son of Zeus and Semele. As he grew older, he discovered grapes and popularized their cultivation and the method of making wine. After a long journey, he returned to his hometown of Thebes, where King Pentheus rebelled against him. He drove the women, including the king's mother, into a frenzy and had Pentheus torn to pieces. These fanatical female followers were called Bakchai (followers of Bacchus) or Maenads. He was a deity formed by combining the ecstatic fertility worship practiced in Thrace and Macedonia with the plant god worship that had been introduced to Asia Minor, and his character was different from that of the Olympian gods represented by Apollo, who valued order and clarity. He was associated with Orphism under the name of Zagreus and with the Eleusinian Mysteries under the name of Iacchus, and became a god of the underworld. The festival was called the Great Dionysia, and he was also associated with drama (especially tragedy). This is why Nietzsche discusses the "Apollonian" and "Dionysian" schema in "The Birth of Tragedy." He was also widely worshipped as a mystery god in the Roman world, as seen in the Villa of the Mysteries in Pompeii, and was depicted in many works of art in later times.
Related topics: Aulos | Icarius | The Twelve Olympians | Greek drama | Greek comedy | Satyr | Dithyrambs | Naxos [island] | Bacchus | Bacchus | Maenads | Lycurgus

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

ギリシア神話の豊穣神，酒神。バッコス（Bakchos.ラテン語でバックスBacchus。この英語読みがバッカス）とも呼ばれる。ゼウスとセメレの子。長じてブドウの木を発見，その栽培とブドウ酒の製法を普及させた。遍歴ののち故郷テーバイに帰ったところ，王のペンテウスが反抗したため，王の母を含めた女たちを狂乱させ，ペンテウスを八つ裂きにさせた。この熱狂的な女性信徒をバッカイBakchai（〈バッコスの信女〉），マイナデスMainadesなどと称する。トラキア，マケドニアで行われていた陶酔的豊穣神信仰と，小アジア伝来の植物神崇拝とが合体して成立した神格であり，秩序と明澄を旨とする，アポロンに代表されるオリンポス神とは性格を異にする。ザグレウスの名のもとにオルフェウス教と，イアッコスの名のもとにエレウシス密儀と関係し，冥界神ともなる。その祭礼を大ディオニュシア祭といい，演劇（特に悲劇）と結びつくことにもなる。ニーチェ《悲劇の誕生》で〈アポロン的〉〈ディオニュソス的〉なる図式が論じられるゆえん。同神はポンペイの〈秘儀荘〉に見られるようにローマ世界でも密儀神として広く崇拝され，後世にあっても多くの美術作品に描かれている。
→関連項目アウロス｜イカリオス｜オリンポス十二神｜ギリシア演劇｜ギリシア喜劇｜サテュロス｜ディテュランボス｜ナクソス［島］｜バッカス｜バッコス｜マイナデス｜リュクルゴス

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