Drying index

Japanese: 乾燥示数 - かんそうしすう
Drying index

...The relationship between the rainfall factor and soil type is as follows: R = 0-40 indicates saline soils, R = 40-60 indicates laterite, red soils, and yellow soils, R = 60-100 indicates brown soils, R = 100-160 indicates black soils, and R = 160 or more indicates podzol. The Martonne dryness index is an improvement of this.
[Aridity index]
The Martonne dryness index I is expressed as I = P / ( T + 10), where P is the amount of annual precipitation and T is the sum of the monthly mean temperatures for months above 0°C divided by 12.

From [Agriculture]

…Agriculture is an economic activity that uses land to grow crops or raise livestock to produce products that are useful to humans, and is an industry that carries out such activities. Agricultural products that are useful to humans are food and some industrial raw materials, and agriculture produces them as crops using natural forces such as soil, water, and solar energy, and also by breeding and fattening livestock. The characteristics of agriculture as an industry are, first, that it uses land as its basic means of production, and that it uses that land relatively extensively over a large area compared to other industries such as commerce and industry, and second, that it is an organic production that targets (or is a means to) higher plants and animals that humans have cultivated or tamed over a long period of time. …

*Some of the terms mentioned in the "drying reading" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…雨量因子と土壌型との関係は,R=0~40では塩類土,R=40~60ではラテライト,赤色土,黄色土,R=60~100では褐色土,R=100~160では黒色土,R=160以上ではポドゾルである。マルトンヌの乾燥示数はこれを改良したものである。
[乾燥示数aridity index]
 マルトンヌの乾燥示数Iは,年降水量をP,月平均気温を0℃以上の月について合計しそれを12で割った値をTとしたとき,IP/(T+10)で表したものである。…

【農業】より

…農業とは,土地を利用して作物の栽培または家畜の飼養を行い,人間にとって有用な生産物を生産する経済活動であり,そのような活動を行う産業である。人間に有用な農業生産物は食糧と一部の工業原料であるが,農業はそれらを,土,水,太陽エネルギーなどの自然力を利用して作物として生産し,また家畜を繁殖,肥育させることによってそれを生産する。このような農業の産業としての特質は,第1に,土地を基本的な生産手段とし,またその土地を商工業などの他産業と比較して,広い面積にわたって相対的に粗放に利用することであり,第2に,人間が長い年月をかけて育成し,または馴らしてきた高等動植物を対象(もしくは手段)とする,有機的生産であることである。…

※「乾燥示数」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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