Mysticism in Christianity, especially with the teachings of John and Paul. Since the 2nd century, it has been influenced by Gnosticism and Neoplatonism, and among the Greek Church Fathers, Origen and Clement in particular developed speculative mysticism under the influence of Neoplatonic philosophy. Evagrius Ponticus and Gregory of Nyssa are the greatest mystics in this lineage, while the Latin Church Father Augustine was also a great teacher of mystical thought, and his Confessions are a valuable resource. The subsequent mystical tradition was maintained by the Benedictine Order, giving birth to Anselm and Bernard of Clairvaux. Their contemporaries, Hugo of Saint Victor and Richard, and from the 13th century onwards, Albertus Magnus, Bonaventure, M. Eckhart, H. Seuse, and J. Tauler are representative mystics up until the Protestant Reformation. Among these, the movement led by Eckhart is often called German mysticism. Since the 16th century, the main movements have been those started by Catherine of Genoa and her group, Teresa of Avila and John of the Cross in Spain, the mystical ideas of François de Salles and F. Fénelon in France, and the Pietism of J. Arndt, G. Arnold, and N. Zinzendorf in Protestantism. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
特にヨハネやパウロの教義を出発点とするキリスト教における神秘主義。2世紀以来グノーシス派や新プラトン主義の影響を受けるようになり,ギリシア教父のうち特にオリゲネスやクレメンスは,新プラトン哲学の影響下に思弁的神秘思想を展開した。エウァグリウス・ポンティクスやニッサのグレゴリウスはその系譜に立つ最も偉大な神秘思想家であり,一方ラテン教父アウグスチヌスもまた神秘的思想の偉大な教師で,その『告白』は貴重な資料である。それに続く神秘思想の伝統はベネディクト会によって保たれ,アンセルムスやクレルボーのベルナルドゥスを生んだ。彼らと同時代のサン・ビクトルのフゴやリカルドゥス,13世紀以後におけるアルベルツス・マグヌス,ボナベントゥラ,M.エックハルト,H.ゾイゼ,J.タウラーらが宗教改革にいたるまでの代表的な神秘思想家である。このなかで,エックハルトらの流れをドイツ神秘主義と称することも多い。 16世紀以後はジェノバのカタリナとその一団によって始められた運動,スペインではアビラのテレサ,十字架のヨハネ,フランスではサルのフランソアや F.フェヌロンの神秘思想,プロテスタントにおける J.アルント,G.アルノルト,N.ツィンツェンドルフらの敬虔主義がおもなものである。
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