Zweig, Stefan

Japanese: ツワイク(英語表記)Zweig, Stefan
Zweig, Stefan
Born: November 28, 1881 in Vienna
[Died] February 23, 1942. Petrópolis, near Rio de Janeiro. Austrian Jewish author. The son of a wealthy textile factory owner, he had a comfortable childhood and showed literary talent from high school onwards, entering the literary world at the age of 20 with the publication of his collection of poems, Silver Strings (1901). He travelled around Europe and formed friendships with Freud and R. Rolland. Pursued by the Nazis, he fled to England in 1934, and then moved to Brazil in 1940. In despair during these dark times, he committed suicide with a pistol together with his young wife. He is known for the numerous biographies that incorporate Freud's psychoanalysis. His works include "The Three Masters" (Drei Meister) (20), which deals with Balzac, Dickens, and Dostoyevsky, "Der Kampf mit dem Dämon" (Der Kampf mit dem Dämon) (25), which deals with Hölderlin, Kleist, and Nietzsche, "Joseph Fouché" (Joseph Fouché) (29), "Marie Antoinette" (Marie Antoinette) (32), "Triumph und Tragik des Erasmus von Rotterdam" (Triumph and Tragik des Erasmus von Rotterdam) (35), etc. His other works include the collection of short stories "Amok" (22), "Verwirrung der Gefühle" (Verwirrung of Emotions) (27), the play "Jeremias" (Jeremias) (17), and his autobiography "Die Welt von Gestern" (Die Welt von Gestern) (42).

Zweig
Zweig, Arnold

Born: November 10, 1887 in Glogau
[Died] November 26, 1968, East Berlin (now Berlin)
German author. Born into a Jewish saddler's family. He began writing while still a university student, and gained recognition with his collection of short stories, Die Novellen um Claudia (1912). He served in World War I, and his experiences on the battlefield had a decisive influence on his subsequent career as a writer. He also promoted the Jewish national unification movement, and his ideas are strongly reflected in his works. In 1927, he published Der Streit um den Sergeant Grischa (The Struggle for Sergeant Grischa), the first of his extensive series Der grosse Krieg der weissen Männer (The Great War of the White Men), in which he denounces German militarism through the fate of a captured Russian soldier who is executed for instilling revolutionary ideas in German soldiers. He subsequently completed six volumes: Junge Frau von 1914 (31), Erziehung vor Verdun (35), Einsetzung eines Königs (37), Feuerpause (54), and Die Zeit ist reif (58). During this time, he went into exile in Palestine with the rise of the Nazis in 1933, and returned to Germany in 1948, playing an important role in the literary life of what was then East Germany.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1881.11.28. ウィーン
[没]1942.2.23. リオデジャネイロ近郊ペトロポリス
オーストリアのユダヤ系作家。富裕な織物工場主の子としてなに不自由ない少年時代を過し,高等学校時代から文才を発揮,20歳のとき詩集『銀の弦』 Silberne Saiten (1901) を発表して文壇に登場。ヨーロッパ各地を遍歴してフロイト,R.ロランらと親交を結んだ。ナチスに追われて 1934年イギリスに亡命,さらに 40年ブラジルに移住。暗黒の時代に絶望して若い妻とともにピストル自殺をとげた。フロイトの精神分析を援用した多数の伝記で知られる。バルザック,ディケンズ,ドストエフスキーを扱う『3人の巨匠』 Drei Meister (20) ,ヘルダーリーン,クライスト,ニーチェを扱う『魔神との戦い』 Der Kampf mit dem Dämon (25) ,『ジョゼフ・フーシェ』 Joseph Fouché (29) ,『マリー・アントアネット』 Marie Antoinette (32) ,『エラスムスの勝利と悲劇』 Triumph und Tragik des Erasmus von Rotterdam (35) など。その他,短編集『アモク』 Amok (22) ,『感情の混乱』 Verwirrung der Gefühle (27) ,戯曲『エレミア』 Jeremias (17) ,自伝『昨日の世界』 Die Welt von Gestern (42) などがある。

ツワイク
Zweig, Arnold

[生]1887.11.10. グローガウ
[没]1968.11.26. 東ベルリン(現ベルリン)
ドイツの作家。ユダヤ人の馬具商の家に生れる。大学在学中から創作,短編集『クラウディアをめぐる物語』 Die Novellen um Claudia (1912) で認められた。第1次世界大戦に従軍,戦場での体験はその後の作家生活に決定的な影響を与えた。また,ユダヤ民族統一運動を推進し,その思想は作品にも色濃く反映している。 1927年,膨大な連作『白人たちの大戦争』 Der grosse Krieg der weissen Männerの第1作『グリーシャ軍曹をめぐる争い』 Der Streit um den Sergeanten Grischaを発表,ドイツ兵士に革命思想を吹込んだかどで処刑されるロシア兵捕虜の運命を通じてドイツ軍国主義を弾劾。引続いて『1914年の若い女』 Junge Frau von 1914 (31) ,『ベルダンでの教育』 Erziehung vor Verdun (35) ,『国王の任命』 Einsetzung eines Königs (37) ,『砲火やむ』 Feuerpause (54) ,『機は熟す』 Die Zeit ist reif (58) の全6巻を完成。その間,33年ナチス台頭とともにパレスチナへ亡命,48年帰国,東ドイツ (当時) の文学の重鎮として活躍した。

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