Tswana people - Tswana (English spelling)

Japanese: ツワナ族 - ツワナぞく（英語表記）Tswana

Botswana (also called Botswana or Bechuana). A Bantu-speaking ethnic group living in northern South Africa and Botswana. The population is estimated at about 2.5 million. They are part of the Sotho group that moved southward in several waves. They are divided into several groups such as Lorong and Kgatla, and are further divided into more than 50 politically independent regional groups ruled by a single chief and named after their founders. They are engaged in livestock farming and agriculture, and their main crops are kafir and corn. Their livestock are cattle, goats, and sheep, but horses and donkeys have been introduced since contact with Europe. In recent years, many of the men have gone to work on European farms and in mines. On the other hand, they include a significant foreign population, and in Ngwato they account for the majority of the total. Within the ethnic group, there is a clear division of status between nobles, commoners, and foreigners. Traditionally, all members of a group or a core group of members formed one large village, which was further divided into wards, which were the basic political units. A ward was made up of one or more family groups related patrilineally and with a single hereditary chief. Age groups were also developed, which once had a major military function and still play an important role today in large-scale enterprises. A characteristic process throughout history has been the division and proliferation of local groups.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ボツワナ族 Botswana，ベチュアナ族 Bechuanaともいう。南アフリカ北部とボツワナに住むバンツー語系民族。人口約 250万と推定される。数度に分れて南進してきたソト諸族の一員である。ロロング，クガトラなどの数集団に分れ，さらに1人の首長に支配され，創始者などの名を取って呼ばれる政治的に独立した 50以上の地域集団に分れている。牧畜と農耕に従事し，主作物はカフィールやとうもろこしなどである。家畜は牛，やぎ，羊などであるが，ヨーロッパとの接触以後，馬やろばも導入されている。また最近では男性の多くがヨーロッパ人の農場や鉱山に働きに出ている。一方，かなりの外来人口を含んでおり，ングワトでは全体の大半を占めるにいたった。民族集団内では貴族，平民，外来者の明確な地位区分があった。伝統的には集団成員全員あるいはその核集団で1つの大きな村を形成し，村はさらに政治的な基本単位である区に分れていた。区は父系的につながりのある1つあるいは複数の家族集団から成り，1人の世襲的な長がいた。年齢集団も発達しており，かつては大きな軍事的機能があったが，今日でも大規模な事業に大きな役割を果している。歴史を通じて特徴的にみられる過程に，地域集団の分裂増殖がある。

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