It refers to the use of naval power to block the entry and exit of ships in order to prevent maritime traffic to the ports or coasts of an opposing country, and there are wartime and peacetime blockades. Wartime blockades are carried out as a means of warfare, and are also considered a form of economic warfare because their purpose is to prevent the opposing country from improving its wartime capabilities. They also block the entry and exit of ships from neutral countries, so they have a significant impact on neutral countries. Requirements for a blockade to be established include a blockade declaration, notification to the neutral country and the blockade's local authorities, and the effectiveness of the blockade. Ships that break the blockade are captured and confiscated along with their cargo. Peacetime blockades are carried out as retaliation or military measures. In these cases, ships from third countries can be inspected, but not seized. [Shigeki Miyazaki] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
相手国の港または海岸への海上交通を阻止するために、海軍力によって船舶の出入を遮断することをいい、戦時封鎖と平時封鎖とがある。戦時封鎖は、交戦手段の一つとして行われ、相手国の交戦能力の向上を阻止する目的であるから経済戦の一つともされる。中立国の船舶の出入も遮断するため、中立国への影響も大きい。封鎖の成立要件としては、封鎖宣言、中立国と被封鎖地方官庁への告知、および封鎖の実効性が必要である。封鎖を侵破した船舶は捕獲され、積み荷とともに没収される。平時封鎖は復仇(ふっきゅう)や軍事的措置として行われる。この場合、第三国の船舶については臨検できるが、捕獲することはできない。 [宮崎繁樹] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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