It is also called "Tsubozuke." It refers to the act of recording the location of fields and the number of fields in units of tsubo based on the jori system (one ri is divided into 36 equal parts, and is numbered up to 36 tsubo. One tsubo has an area of one cho) and the account book itself. The Ritsuryo state investigated the number of lost fields and unsatisfactory fields for each tsubo and had the kokushi (provincial governor) submit the results of the investigation to the Daijokan, in other words, a tsubo registration book, which was used to reduce or exempt tribute taxes. In the Heian period, the locations of fields belonging to manors and private territories were also indicated by the jori tsubo registration system. Even under the manor and public land system from the late Heian period onwards, manor officials prepared tsubo registration orders that listed the lost fields for each tsubo, and manor lords determined the amount of annual tribute for the year based on the submitted tsubo registration orders. During the Sengoku period, the term also came to mean a list of the locations of the territories that a daimyo granted to his vassals as fiefs. [Hideo Kuroda] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
「つぼづけ」ともよむ。田地の所在地とその田数などを、条里(じょうり)制(一里を36等分したものが坪で、一の坪、二の坪と数字を付けて36の坪まである。一坪の面積は一町)の坪によって記載すること、および記載した帳簿そのものをいう。律令(りつりょう)国家は、坪ごとに損田や不堪佃田(ふかんでんでん)の数などを調査してその結果を記入した帳簿、すなわち坪付帳を国司(こくし)から太政官(だいじょうかん)に提出させ、それによって貢租課税の減免を行った。また平安時代には、荘園(しょうえん)や私領に属する田地も、条里坪付によってその所在地が示された。平安時代後期以降の荘園・公領制下においても、坪ごとに損田を書き上げた坪付注文が荘官によって作成されて、荘園領主は提出された坪付注文によって、その年の年貢額を決めた。なお戦国時代になると、大名が家臣に知行(ちぎょう)地として与えた所領の所在地などを書き上げた目録をも意味するようになった。 [黒田日出男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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