Arima Harunobu

A Christian feudal lord in the Azuchi-Momoyama period. Lord of Hinoe Castle (Hara Castle) in Takaku County, Hizen Province (Nagasaki Prefecture). Second son of Arima Yoshisada (1521-1576). Originally named Shigezumi, he later changed his name to Shigetaka, Hisataka, Hisakata, and Masazumi, and was appointed Shuridayu, Junior Fifth Rank. In 1571 (Genki 2), he inherited the family headship. In 1580 (Tensho 8), he was baptized by the inspector Valignano and called Protasio. He was very protective of Christianity, so churches were established in various places and seminaries (primary education schools) were opened. Nanban ships also entered the port of Kuchinotsu within his domain. In 1582 (Tensho 10), he sent his cousin Miguel Chijiwa as a young envoy to the Pope. In 1584, he was attacked by the Ryuzoji clan, and asked the Jesuits for help, donating Urakami (Nagasaki City) to the church as payment for the victory. During the Toyotomi period, he followed Hideyoshi's unification of Kyushu and was granted 40,000 koku of land in Takaki County, but the Urakami domain became Hideyoshi's direct domain. When the missionaries were expelled in 1587, the missionaries fled to the Arima domain, where a college (institution of higher education) was established, and the "Japan Jesuit Edition" was published using a movable type printing press. He served in the Konishi army during the Bunroku-Keicho War, but later joined the Eastern army at the Battle of Sekigahara, and was granted relief of his territory. In 1608 (Keicho 13), he was ordered by Tokugawa Ieyasu to travel to Champa in Indochina, but on the way back, a crew member was killed in Macau, so in revenge, he burned down the Portuguese ship Nossa Senhora da Graça (formerly known as Madre de Deus) in Nagasaki Port the following year in 1609. He attempted to recover his former territory (the six Hizen counties) thanks to this feat, but instead fell victim to the wicked schemes of Okamoto Daihachi, a vassal of Honda Masazumi, and had his territory confiscated in 1612 (Keicho 17). He was transferred to Kai Province (Yamanashi Prefecture), and was beheaded on May 6 of the same year. This incident prompted the shogunate to implement a strong policy of suppressing Christians. His son Naozumi (1586-1641) was pardoned and inherited the estate, but was later transferred to Agata in Hyuga Province (now Nobeoka City, Miyazaki Prefecture).

[Tsuneo Moriyama March 19, 2018]

"History of the Shimabara Peninsula" by Hayashi Senkichi (1954, Minamitakagi District and City Education Association, Reproduction 1979, Kokusho Kankokai)" ▽ "Research on Nanban Historical Materials Related to Japan in the Early Modern Period" by Matsuda Takekazu (1967, Kazama Shobo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

安土桃山時代のキリシタン大名。肥前国（長崎県）高来(たかく)郡日野江(ひのえ)城（原(はら)城）主。有馬義貞(よしさだ)（1521―1576）の次男。初名を鎮純(しげずみ)、のち鎮貴(しげたか)、久貴、久賢(ひさかた)、正純(まさずみ)と変名し、従(じゅ)五位下修理大夫(しゅりだゆう)に叙任される。1571年（元亀2）家督相続。1580年（天正8）巡察使バリニャーノから洗礼を受け、プロタジオと称す。キリスト教を非常に保護したため、教会が各所に設置され、セミナリオ（初等教育学校）が開かれた。また南蛮船が領内の口之津(くちのつ)港に入港した。1582年（天正10）ローマ教皇への少年使節として従兄弟(いとこ)の千々石ミゲル(ちぢわみげる)を派遣。また1584年龍造寺(りゅうぞうじ)氏から攻撃を受けたので、その援助をイエズス会に求め、勝利の代償として浦上(うらかみ)（長崎市）を教会に寄進した。豊臣(とよとみ)期には秀吉の九州統一に従い、高来郡4万石を安堵(あんど)されたが、浦上領は秀吉の直轄領となった。1587年の宣教師追放令に際しては、宣教師が有馬領内に難を逃れてきてコレジオ（高等教育機関）が設立され、また活字印刷機をもとに「日本イエズス会版」が刊行された。文禄(ぶんろく)・慶長(けいちょう)の役では小西軍に従軍したが、関ヶ原の戦いでは、のち東軍に属して所領安堵される。1608年（慶長13）徳川家康の命でインドシナの占城(チャンパ)に渡航したが、帰途マカオで乗船員が殺害されたので、復讐(ふくしゅう)として翌1609年長崎港でポルトガル船ノッサ・セニョーラ・ダ・グラサ号（旧名、マードレ・デ・デウス号）を焼き討ちした。その功で旧領（肥前六郡）回復を図ったが、かえって本多正純(ほんだまさずみ)の家臣岡本大八の奸策(かんさく)にかかり、1612年（慶長17）所領没収。甲斐(かい)国（山梨県）に移され、同年5月6日斬首(ざんしゅ)。この事件を契機に幕府はキリシタン弾圧政策を強く打ち出した。なお、子直純(なおずみ)（1586―1641）は許され遺領を継ぎ、のち日向(ひゅうが)国県(あがた)（宮崎県延岡(のべおか)市）に転封された。

［森山恒雄　2018年3月19日］

『林銑吉著『島原半島史』（1954・南高来郡市教育会／複製・1979・国書刊行会）』▽『松田毅一著『近世初期日本関係南蛮史料の研究』（1967・風間書房）』

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