ITO Charter - ITO Charter

Japanese: ITO 憲章 - あいてぃーおーけんしょう

...Having gone through such bitter experiences, Western countries aimed to establish multilateral and free trade rules when rebuilding the international economic system after the war. In 1945, the United States proposed the International Trade Charter (ITO Charter), which included the abolition of high tariffs and trade restrictions, and in 1948, the ITO Charter (also known as the Havana Charter) was signed by 52 countries in Havana, and the establishment of the International Trade Organization (ITO) was discussed. However, because the intention was too idealistic, many countries, including the United States, which proposed it, did not ratify it, and the establishment of the ITO had to be abandoned. ...

From [Customs Duties]

...The first step was the Bretton Woods Agreement (1944) in the area of international finance, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in the area of trade. In 1945, the International Trade Charter (ITO Charter, Havana Charter) was proposed by the United States to establish a new international trade organization, the International Trade Organization (ITO), and was signed in 1948. However, because it was too idealistic, the ITO failed because it was not ratified by many countries, including the United States. However, GATT, which inherited the spirit of the ITO, was signed in 1947 and came into effect in January 1948.

*Some of the terms mentioned in the "ITO Charter" are explained below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…このような苦い経験をへた欧米諸国は，大戦後の国際経済体制を再建するにあたって，多角的かつ自由な貿易ルールの構築を目指した。45年にアメリカは高関税や貿易制限の撤廃を含む国際貿易憲章(ITO憲章)を提案し，48年ハバナにおいてITO憲章(ハバナ憲章とも呼ばれる)が52ヵ国によって調印され，国際貿易機構International Trade Organization(ITO)の設立が審議された。しかし，その意図があまりにも理想主義的であったため，提案国のアメリカをはじめ多くの国が批准せず，ITOの設立を断念せざるをえなかった。…

【関税】より

…その第一歩が，国際金融面でのブレトン･ウッズ協定(1944)であり，通商面での〈関税･貿易に関する一般協定〉(GATT（ガツト）)である。45年，アメリカによって提案された新しい国際貿易機構International Trade Organization(ITO)を設立するための〈国際貿易憲章〉(ITO憲章，ハバナ憲章)が48年に調印された。しかし，あまりに理想的にすぎたためアメリカ等多くの国で批准が得られず，ITOは失敗に帰すが，その精神を継承するものとして，GATTが1947年に調印され，48年1月発効した。…

※「ITO 憲章」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

<<: ITCZ - ITCZ

>>: ITO (thin film) - ITO