Sorokin (English spelling) Pitirim Alexandrovich Sorokin

Japanese: ソローキン - そろーきん(英語表記)Pitirim Alexandrovich Sorokin
Sorokin (English spelling) Pitirim Alexandrovich Sorokin

American sociologist. Born January 21 in Komi Oblast, Russia. Graduated from St. Petersburg University in 1914, and became the university's first professor of sociology in 1917. He served as a minister in Kerensky's cabinet, a member of the All-Russian Peasant Soviet, and a member of the Russian Republic Congress and the Constitutional Assembly, but left the Soviet Union in 1922 in opposition to the Bolsheviks, went to the United States in 1923 (naturalized in 1930), and after serving as a professor at the University of Minnesota, he became the first dean of the newly established Department of Sociology at Harvard University in 1930, retiring in 1959. During that time, he became president of the International Sociological Association in 1936 and president of the American Sociological Association in 1964. His main work is the four-volume set of "Social and Cultural Dynamics" (1937-1941), which explores the laws of cultural and social change, but he also wrote "Sociology of Revolution" (1925) and "Social Mobility" (1927), which drew on his experiences during the Russian Revolution.

He was also famous as an urban and rural sociologist, and his works Principles of Urban and Rural Sociology (1929, partially translated as City and Countryside), co-authored with Carle Clark Zimmerman (1897-1983), and others are considered to have incorporated empirical methods and contributed greatly to the establishment of empirical sociology. After World War II, Sorokin recognized the signs of the decline of Western society, and became a social philosopher who advocated the science of friendship and stressed solidarity and mutual aid. His other works include Theory of Modern Sociology (1928), Society, Culture, and Personality (1947), The Reconstruction of Humanity (1948), and Social Philosophy in Times of Crisis (1950). He died on February 10, 1968.

[Nozomi Kawamura]

"Reconstructing Humanity, translated by Kita Reikichi (1951, Bungeishunju Shinsha)""City and Countryside, by P. A. Sorokin and C. C. Zimmermann, translated by Kyono Masaki (1977, Gannando Shoten)""Young Love, Mature Love: A Comparative Cultural Study, by P. A. Sorokin, translated by Hosokawa Mikio et al. (1985, Hiroike Gakuen Publishing Division)""People and Society in Disasters, by P. A. Sorokin, translated by Oyane Jun (1998, Bunka Shobo Hakubunsha)"

[Reference items] | Kerensky | Urban sociology | Rural sociology

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アメリカの社会学者。1月21日、ロシアのコミ州に生まれる。1914年ペテルブルグ大学を卒業、1917年同大学の最初の社会学教授になる。ケレンスキー内閣の閣僚、全ロシア農民ソビエトの委員、ロシア共和国会議ならびに憲法会議委員を務めたが、ボリシェビキに反対して1922年ソ連を去り、1923年アメリカに行き(1930年帰化)、ミネソタ大学教授を経て、1930年ハーバード大学に新設された社会学部の初代学部長になり、1959年定年退職。その間1936年に国際社会学会会長、1964年アメリカ社会学会会長になる。彼の主著は、文化と社会の変動法則を追究した『社会的・文化的動態論』全4巻(1937~1941)といえるが、そのほかにロシア革命の体験を生かして書いた『革命の社会学』(1925)や『社会移動論』(1927)がある。

 また、都市・農村社会学者としても有名で、ジンマーマンCarle Clark Zimmerman(1897―1983)との共著『都市・農村社会学原理』(1929。部分訳『都市と農村』)その他は、実証的方法を取り入れ、経験主義的社会学の確立に大きく貢献したものとして評価されている。第二次世界大戦後のソローキンは、西欧社会の没落の兆候を認め、「友情学」を提唱して、連帯と相互扶助を力説する社会哲学者になる。ほかに、『現代社会学理論』(1928)、『社会・文化・人格』(1947)、『ヒューマニティの再建』(1948)、『危機の時代の社会哲学』(1950)などの著書がある。1968年2月10日死去。

[河村 望]

『北玲吉訳『ヒューマニティの再建』(1951・文芸春秋新社)』『P・A・ソローキン、C・C・ツィンマーマン著、京野正樹訳『都市と農村』(1977・巌南堂書店)』『P・A・ソローキン著、細川幹夫他訳『若い愛成熟した愛――比較文化的研究』(1985・広池学園出版部)』『P・A・ソローキン著、大矢根淳訳『災害における人と社会』(1998・文化書房博文社)』

[参照項目] | ケレンスキー | 都市社会学 | 農村社会学

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