The ancient names of Patna and Gaya districts in the southern part of Bihar, India. In the 6th century BC, father and son Bimbisara and Ajatashatru appeared in this region and established the powerful kingdom of Magadha. During the latter period, they annexed the surrounding countries, defeated the powerful state of Kosala in northwest India, and gained hegemony over the Ganges basin. During this time, new religions such as Buddhism and Jainism were born, and rice farming and urban commerce developed. Thus, Magadha became the political, economic, and cultural center of India. Later, the Shaishnaga dynasty moved its capital from Rajgir to Patna, and the Nanda dynasty succeeded them, ruling the Ganges basin around the time of Alexander the Great's campaign and boasting of its wealth and power. Around 318 BC, it was the Maurya dynasty that defeated the Nanda dynasty and established a unified North Indian empire, with its capital in Pataliputra (present-day Patna), and Magadha maintained its position as the center for several centuries afterwards. It was in Magadha that the Gupta dynasty rose in the 4th century, but when the dynasty fell in the mid-6th century, the status of the region declined, and when Harsha established his capital at Kanauj in the first half of the 7th century, the political centre of northern India shifted there. [Toshio Yamazaki] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
インドのビハール州南部パトナとガヤー両県の古称。この地方に、前6世紀、ビンビサーラとアジャータシャトルという父子が現れて、強大なマガダ王国を建設した。後者のときには周辺の諸国を併合し、西北インドの強国コーサラを破ってガンジス流域の覇権を握った。このころ仏教やジャイナ教などの新しい宗教が生まれたし、稲作農業と都市の商業とが発達した。こうしてマガダはインドの政治、経済、文化の中心地帯となった。その後シャイシュナーガ朝は都をラージギルからパトナに移し、それを継いでナンダ朝はアレクサンドロス大王の遠征のころガンジス流域を支配して富強を誇った。前318年ごろナンダ朝を倒して北インド統一帝国を建設したのはマウリヤ朝であり、その都はパータリプトラ(現在のパトナ)に置かれ、その後も数世紀にわたってマガダは中心地帯の地位を維持した。4世紀にグプタ朝が興起したのはマガダであったが、6世紀中ごろ同王朝が滅ぶと、この地方の地位は低下し、7世紀前半ハルシャの都がカナウジに置かれると、北インドの政治の中心はそちらに移った。 [山崎利男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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