Interpreter - tsuuji

Japanese: 通事∥通詞 - つうじ

They were local officials and interpreters in Nagasaki during the Edo period. In general, tsuji referred to the Chinese Tang tsuji, and tsui referred to Dutch interpreters. In addition to interpreting, both were also commercial officials who communicated and carried out various laws and regulations, evaluated trade goods, negotiated transactions as Japanese officials, submitted opinions on trade reforms, and managed and controlled foreigners and merchants entering and leaving the country. In 1708 (5th year of the Hoei period), when the basic structure was established, the Totsuji had a maximum number of 1 Rusetsujoyaku, 2 Metsuke, 4 Dai Tsuji, and 5 Ko Tsuji, with 12 training Tsuji and 4 apprentices.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

江戸時代の長崎の地役人で通訳官。一般に通事は中国語の唐通事を，通詞はオランダ通詞を指した。ともに通訳業務のほか，諸法令の伝達執行，貿易品の評価や日本側役人として取引折衝にあたり，貿易改革などについての意見上申，外国人や出入商人の管理統制にもあたる商務官でもあった。基本的な機構が確立した時期の1708年(宝永5)の組織は，唐通事は上から風説定役1，目付2，大通事4，小通事5を定員とし，ほか稽古通事12，同見習4人。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

<<: Tsushido Sutra Commentary - Tsushido Keikai

>>: Tongzhi - Tsushi