Singh, Manmohan

Japanese: シン（英語表記）Singh, Manmohan

Born September 26, 1932. Gir. Indian politician and economist. Prime Minister (in office 2004-14). A Sikh, he was India's first non-Hindu Prime Minister. He studied at the University of the Punjab before moving to Cambridge in England. In 1962, he received his PhD in economics from Oxford University. In the 1970s, he served as an economic advisor to several ministries and a member of the Prime Minister's Advisory Council. He was a member of the Central Bank of India from 1976 to 1980 and its Governor from 1982 to 1985. He was appointed Finance Minister in 1991, and demonstrated his skill in economic reforms in India, which was on the brink of economic collapse at the time, laying the foundation for economic prosperity. He was elected to the Senate as a member of the Indian National Congress in 1991, and served as Finance Minister until 1996. He ran in the 1999 Lok Sabha election but lost. The Congress Party won the 2004 election, but Sonia Gandhi, the party's president, refused the position of prime minister and appointed Singh as prime minister. As prime minister, he led rapid economic growth and secured an agreement with the United States on civilian nuclear cooperation to meet growing domestic energy demand. However, he was criticized for being pro-American. In the 2009 election, the ruling coalition led by the Congress Party increased its number of seats, and the second Singh Cabinet was formed. In early 2014, he announced that he would not seek a third term, and stepped down after the election held in April-May of that year.

Shin
Singh, VP

Born: June 25, 1931, Allahabad, British India
[Died] 27 November 2008. New Delhi, India. Indian politician. Former Prime Minister. Full name Vishwanath Pratap Singh. He was deeply interested in social issues, especially caste discrimination. Graduated from Pune University and Allahabad University. He entered the state of Uttar Pradesh politics in 1969, and entered central politics when he was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1971. He consistently supported the Indian National Congress and served as Minister of Finance and Minister of Defence during Rajiv Gandhi's tenure as Prime Minister. In 1987, he left the Congress and founded the Janata Dal the following year. He led the party to victory in the 9th general election in 1989, becoming Prime Minister. However, he was ousted in 1990 over his introduction of preferential quotas for lower castes and his response to Hindu fundamentalism.

Shin
Singh, Sardar Swaran

Born: August 19, 1907 by Jankar
[Died] October 30, 1994. New Delhi. Indian politician. After graduating from the University of Lahore, he became a lawyer and served in various cabinet posts in the Punjab provincial government. After entering central politics in 1952, he held key cabinet posts, including Minister for Food and Agriculture, Minister for Defense, and Minister for Foreign Affairs. He was known as a staunch supporter of Prime Minister I. Gandhi, and was at the center of the Gandhi faction when the Congress Party split in 1969, but became anti-Gandhi when the party split in January 1978, and served as president of the Congress Party after it withdrew from the Gandhi faction from March to December of that year.

Shin
Sin

Name of the moon god in Babylonian-Assyrian mythology. From the Old Akkadian zu-en, meaning "king of wisdom." In Sumerian, he was called Nanna. Son of Enlil, father of the sun god Shamash and the goddess of war and love Ishtar. Worshipped mainly in Ur in southern Babylonia and Harashi in northern Assyria. His main role was to be the lamp of heaven and earth.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1932.9.26. ガー
インドの政治家，経済学者。首相（在任 2004～14）。シク教徒で，インド初のヒンドゥー教徒（→ヒンドゥー教）以外の首相。パンジャブ大学に学んだのちイギリスのケンブリッジ大学に留学。1962年オックスフォード大学で経済学博士号を取得。1970年代に複数の省の経済顧問，首相諮問委員会委員を歴任し，1976～80年インド中央銀行理事，1982～85年総裁を務めた。1991年財務大臣に任命されると，当時経済破綻の瀬戸際にあったインドの経済改革に手腕を発揮し，経済繁栄の基礎を築いた。同 1991年インド国民会議派の一員として上院議員となり，1996年まで財務大臣を務めた。1999年下院選挙に立候補したが敗れた。2004年の選挙で国民会議派が勝利を収めたが，会議派総裁のソニア・ガンジーが首相の座を固辞し，シンを首相に指名した。首相として急速な経済成長を先導し，増大する国内エネルギーの需要に対処するため，アメリカ合衆国と民生用の核開発協力に関する合意をまとめた。しかし，親米寄りとの批判にさらされた。2009年の選挙で国民会議派を中心とする与党連合が議席数を伸ばし，第2次シン内閣が発足した。2014年初めに 3期目を目指さないことを表明，同年 4月から 5月に行なわれた選挙後に退任した。

シン
Singh, V.P.

[生]1931.6.25. イギリス領インド，アラーハーバード
[没]2008.11.27. インド，ニューデリー
インドの政治家。元連邦政府首相。フルネーム Vishwanath Pratap Singh。カースト差別問題を中心とする社会問題に強い関心を寄せた。プネー大学とアラーハーバード大学を卒業。1969年にウッタルプラデーシュ州の政界入りを果たし，1971年連邦議会下院議員となったのを機に中央政界に進出する。一貫してインド国民会議派に依拠し，ラジブ・ガンジー首相時代には財務大臣，国防大臣を務めたが，1987年会議派を離党し，翌 1988年にはジャナタ・ダルを設立，1989年の第9回総選挙で同党を勝利させ連邦首相に就任した。しかし下層カーストの優遇枠制度の導入とヒンドゥー原理主義への対応をめぐり，1990年に失脚した。

シン
Singh， Sardar Swaran

[生]1907.8.19. ジャンカール
[没]1994.10.30. ニューデリー
インドの政治家。ラホール大学卒業後，弁護士を経て，パンジャブ州政府の各閣僚を歴任した。 1952年中央政界入りしたのちも，食糧農業相，国防相，外相など主要閣僚ポストを経験。 I.ガンジー首相の忠実な支持者として知られ，69年の国民会議派の分裂ではガンジー派の中心であったが，78年1月の分裂では反ガンジー派となり，同年3～12月ガンジー派脱退後の国民会議派の総裁に就任。

シン
Sin

バビロニア＝アッシリア神話の月神の名。「英知の王」を意味する古アッカディア語の zu-enに由来。シュメール語ではナンナと呼ばれた。エンリルの息子，太陽神シャマシュ，戦いと愛の女神イシュタルの父。南バビロニアのウル，北アッシリアのハラシを中心に尊崇された。そのおもな任務は天と地のランプとなることであった。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Shin

>>: C1 Chemistry - C1 Chemistry