Romanian-born French poet. Born Samuel Rosenstock. Born in Moineşti. Influenced by the French Symbolist movement, he tried writing poetry early on, and published the magazine "Symbols" with fellow Bucharest high school classmate Marcel Janco. In 1914, he adopted the name Tristan Tzara, and after the outbreak of World War I, he moved to Zurich, Switzerland. In 1916, he founded the Dada movement there with Hugo Ball, Hans Richter, Arp, and Richard Huelsenbeck (1892-1974). Since then, as the leader of this movement, he has embodied the spirit of insatiable negation and has become internationally known. In 1920, he lived in Paris, where he led the Paris Dada movement for three years. He worked alongside André Breton, Louis Aragon, and Paul Éluard, but eventually left them. He was isolated during the formative years of the Surrealist movement, but joined it in the 1930s and published several important collections of poetry. During World War II, he joined the Resistance as a Communist, but left the party after the Hungarian Incident of 1956. He deserves to be remembered in the history of 20th-century French literature, not only for his Dada period works such as "Mr. Antipirin's First Celestial Adventure" (1916) and "Manifeste Dada 1918", but also for the fresh poetry he produced throughout his life, especially collections such as "Antibiones" (1931), "The Watering Hole of the Wolves" (1932), and "The Antibrain" (1933). His poetics and essays are also noteworthy. [Kunio Iwaya] "Tsarra Poems, translated by Akira Hamada (1981, Shichosha)" [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ルーマニア出身のフランスの詩人。本名サミュエル・ロザンストックSamuel Rosenstock。モイネシュティに生まれる。早くからフランス象徴派の影響下に詩作を試み、ブクレシュティ高校の同窓生マルセル・ヤンコらとともに雑誌『象徴』を刊行。1914年にトリスタン・ツァラを名のり、第一次世界大戦勃発(ぼっぱつ)後スイスのチューリヒに移る。16年、同地でフーゴー・バル、ハンス・リヒター、アルプ、リヒャルト・ヒュルゼンベックRichard Huelsenbeck(1892―1974)らとともにダダ運動を創始。以来この運動の指揮者として、飽くことなき否定の精神を体現し、国際的にその名を知られる。20年からパリに住み、3年間にわたってパリ・ダダの運動を展開。アンドレ・ブルトン、ルイ・アラゴン、ポール・エリュアールらと共闘するが、やがて離反。シュルレアリスム運動の形成期には孤立する。だが30年代にはこの運動に加わり、数冊の重要な詩集を発表。第二次大戦中は共産党員としてレジスタンス運動に加わるが、56年のハンガリー事件を機に離党した。ダダ時代の『アンチピリン氏の最初の天上の冒険』(1916)や『ダダ宣言1918』Manifeste Dada 1918の著者としてばかりでなく、生涯にわたる清新な詩作、とくに『近似的人間』(1931)、『狼(おおかみ)の水飲み場』(1932)、『反頭脳』(1933)のような詩集の著者として、20世紀フランス文学史上にその名をとどめる資格をもつ。詩論やエッセイにも注目すべきものがある。 [巖谷國士] 『浜田明訳『ツァラ詩集』(1981・思潮社)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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