A bank whose main customers are small savers. Its core business was raising funds through small fixed-term deposits, which it then invested in public bonds and loaned for housing. Originally, therefore, it did not handle deposits with settlement capabilities such as demand deposits, but in recent years, with the trend toward financial deregulation, it has diversified its business operations, and is now able to accept demand deposits and provide corporate loans. Among the more well-known existing savings banks are the American mutual savings bank and the German Sparkasse, but many European countries, in particular, have this savings bank system. In Japan, savings banks were first institutionalized in the Savings Bank Ordinance of 1890 (Meiji 23), and thereafter they grew rapidly, reaching 419 banks in 1900 (Meiji 33) and 664 banks by 1916 (Taisho 5). However, many of them were poorly managed, and they were reorganized with the enactment of the Savings Bank Law in 1918. After that, many of them converted into joint ventures or ordinary banks, and the number of savings banks gradually decreased, to 133 in 1925 and 79 in 1935 (Showa 10). Furthermore, the Law on the Concurrent Operation of Savings Bank Business or Trust Business by Ordinary Banks, etc. in 1943 further accelerated the trend of ordinary banks merging and operating concurrently. Only four savings banks remained until after World War II, and these four also found it difficult to manage in the face of the severe postwar inflation, and in 1948 (Showa 23), the largest, Japan Savings Bank, converted into a commercial bank to become Kyowa Bank. Starting with this, the savings banks were either converted into commercial banks or absorbed, and by 1949, all savings banks had disappeared. Furthermore, when the Banking Act was revised in 1981, the Savings Bank Act was also abolished. [Hara Shiro] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
小口貯蓄者を主たる取引先とする銀行。業務の中心は、小口の定期性預金を通じて資金を調達し、これを主として公共債に運用したり住宅資金を貸し付けることに置かれた。したがって、元来、要求払預金のような決済性をもつ預金は取り扱わなかったが、近年金融自由化の流れのなかで業務の多用化が図られ、要求払預金の受入れ、企業貸付なども行うことができるようになっている。現存するものとしては、アメリカの相互貯蓄銀行mutual savings bankやドイツの貯蓄銀行Sparkasseが有名だが、とくにヨーロッパ諸国では、この貯蓄銀行制度をもっている国が多い。 日本では1890年(明治23)の貯蓄銀行条例で初めて貯蓄銀行が制度化され、以後急速な発展をみて1900年(明治33)には419行、16年(大正5)には664行に達したが、不健全な経営のものが多く、21年の貯蓄銀行法の制定によって整備された。その後、合同や普通銀行に転換するものが多く、貯蓄銀行数はしだいに減少して、1925年には133行、35年(昭和10)には79行になった。さらに1943年の「普通銀行等ノ貯蓄銀行業務又ハ信託業務ノ兼営等ニ関スル法律」により、普通銀行が合併して、兼営する傾向がいっそう進んだ。第二次世界大戦後まで残っていた貯蓄銀行は4行にすぎず、この4行も戦後の激しいインフレに直面して経営が困難となり、1948年(昭和23)に最大手の日本貯蓄銀行が普通銀行に転換して協和銀行となったのを皮切りに、普通銀行に転換するか吸収されるかして、49年には貯蓄銀行は消滅した。なお、1981年の銀行法の改正に際し、貯蓄銀行法も廃止された。 [原 司郎] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
>>: Savings - Chochiku (English spelling)
When two solutions with different concentrations ...
…About 30,000 stone monuments are known in the Ka...
A district of Huai'an City in the north of Ji...
…Even in the United States, the terminology has c...
In ancient Israel, charismatic leaders (people be...
...The condition for a smuggling ship was that it...
Pottery made in Gojo-cho, Nara City. The name Aka...
…There are many known examples of bacteria and pr...
…The leader of the peasants, Mészáros Lőrinc, dem...
Another name for the fish sweetfish. It was born ...
A general term for insects belonging to the Hemipt...
An evergreen shrub of the Illicaceae family whose ...
Japan's first public psychiatric hospital. In ...
...When young, the black markings are vivid, but ...
A province in southeastern China, on the East Chin...