When a fluid osmotically passes through a thin membrane, the membrane is called a diaphragm. It may also be called a partition. A diaphragm that allows the solvent to pass through but not the solute is called a semipermeable membrane. Animal membranes, collodion membranes, and cellophane also have this property to some extent. Copper ferrocyanide membranes have a strong this property, and are therefore used to measure osmotic pressure. In the chemical industry, this property of diaphragms is applied, for example, to electrolyze salt water to produce sodium hydroxide and chlorine. This is called the diaphragm process. (→ Osmotic pressure) Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
薄い膜を通して流体が浸透を起す場合に,この膜を隔膜と呼ぶ。隔壁と呼ぶこともある。溶媒は通すが溶質は通さない性質をもった隔膜を半透膜という。動物のボウコウ膜,コロジオン膜,セロファンなども多少この性質をもっている。フェロシアン化銅の膜はこの性質が強く,したがって浸透圧の測定に用いられる。化学工業では隔膜のこの性質を応用して,たとえば食塩水を電解して水酸化ナトリウムと塩素を製造するのに用いられる。これを隔膜法という。 (→浸透圧 )
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