In the steelmaking process using a blast furnace, iron ore is reduced in the blast furnace to produce pig iron with a high carbon content, which is then decarburized in an oxygen top-blown converter to produce steel. In contrast, the steelmaking process in which steel is made directly from iron ore is called the direct ironmaking process. Currently, most iron ore is reduced in blast furnaces, and direct ironmaking is only used in very special cases, so it is sometimes called the special ironmaking process. Most of the iron obtained by the direct ironmaking process is sponge iron. In some cases, solid carbon (coal or coke) or gas (carbon monoxide, hydrogen, petroleum cracking gas, etc.) is used as the reducing agent. The reactors used include tunnel kilns, rotary kilns, shaft furnaces, fluidized beds, and moving grates. Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages, and it is not yet clear which method is best. Most of the direct ironmaking methods are still in development, and it is expected that more methods will emerge in the future. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
高炉を使用する製鉄法では,高炉で鉄鉱石を還元し炭素含有量の高い銑鉄をつくり,この銑鉄を酸素上吹き転炉で脱炭して鋼をつくる.これに対し,鉄鉱石から鋼を直接つくる製鉄法を直接製鉄法とよんでいる.現在,鉄鉱石はほとんど高炉で還元されており,直接製鉄法は非常に特殊な場合にのみ利用されているので,特殊製鉄法とよばれることがある.直接製鉄法で得られる鉄はほとんどが海綿鉄である.還元剤として固体炭素(石炭またはコークス)を用いる場合と気体(一酸化炭素,水素,石油クラッキングガスなど)を用いる場合がある.反応炉は,トンネルキルン,ロータリーキルン,シャフト炉,流動層床,移動ロストルなどが使用される.これらの方法は,一長一短を有しており,どれが一番すぐれた方法であるかは現在のところ答えが出ていない.直接製鉄法に属するほとんどのものが開発途上のもので,今後さらに種々の方法が出現することが予想される. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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