Gross, David J.

Japanese: グロス（英語表記）Gross，David J.

Born: February 19, 1941 in Washington, DC
American physicist. Received his PhD in physics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1966. After graduating from Harvard University, he moved to Princeton University in 1969, where he became a professor in 1972. In 1997, he became director of the Kavil Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara. The "strong interaction" that acts between quarks, the smallest elementary particles that make up matter, becomes stronger as the distance between the quarks increases and weaker as the quarks get closer together, leading to a state known as "asymptotic freedom." In 1973, Gross theoretically elucidated asymptotic freedom using a mathematical framework, which later became the new theory known as the standard theory of quantum chromodynamics. In 2004, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics along with Frank Wilczek and H. David Politzer, who derived the same theory.

Gross
Gross, Prosper Gambet

Born January 18, 1820. Brianne, Aube
[Died] November 18, 1881. Tokyo. French adviser to Japan. Studied law in Paris and became a judicial official. Doctor of Law. Belonging to the Bonapartist faction, he came to Japan in 1873 and opened a law practice in Yokohama after feeling disheartened by the defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. His skills were recognized by the Japanese government, and in May 1876 he was invited to be an adviser to the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department. For the next five years he contributed to the establishment of a Japanese police system that countered extraterritoriality, while also lecturing on French criminal law. He remained in Japan after being dismissed, and died of illness in November 1881.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1941.2.19. ワシントンDC
アメリカの物理学者。 1966年カリフォルニア大学バークリー校で物理学の博士号取得。ハーバード大学を経て 1969年プリンストン大学に移り，1972年から教授。 1997年カリフォルニア大学サンタバーバラ校カビル理論物理学研究所長に就任。物質を構成している最小の素粒子クォークの間に働く「強い相互作用」は，クォーク間の距離が離れるほど強くなり，近づくほど弱くなって「漸近的自由」と呼ばれる状態になる。 1973年グロスは数学の枠組みを使って漸近的自由を理論的に解明し，これはのちの新しい理論，量子色力学の標準理論となった。 2004年同じ理論を導き出したフランク・ウィルチェック，H.デビッド・ポリツァーとともにノーベル物理学賞を受賞。

グロス
Gross， Prosper Gambet

[生]1820.1.18. オーブ，ブリアンヌ
[没]1881.11.18. 東京
フランスの来日顧問。パリで法律を専攻し，司法官途につく。法学博士。ボナパルト派に属し，普仏戦争での敗北に失意をいだき，1873年来日，横浜で弁護士開業。その手腕を日本政府に認められ，76年5月，東京警視庁顧問に招聘され，以来5年間，治外法権に対抗する日本警察制度の確立に貢献するかたわら，フランス刑事法の講述を行なった。解任後も日本にとどまり，81年 11月病死。

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