It is the most abundant mineral in the earth's crust. It is an aluminosilicate mineral composed mainly of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, with the ratio of aluminum to silicon ranging from 1:3 to 2:2. The most common feldspars are the plagioclase group and the potassium feldspar group. The former belongs to the triclinic system and has a continuum of composition from albite, which is composed mainly of sodium, to anorthite, which is composed mainly of calcium. The latter includes monoclinic borosilicate, orthoclase, and triclinic microcline. Others include anorthoclase, which is composed mainly of alkali metals, celsian, which is composed mainly of barium, and slawsonite, which is composed mainly of strontium. Most feldspars exhibit properties such as changes in crystal structure depending on the temperature of formation, exsolution, which separates into two different phases as the temperature decreases, and the appearance of twins. Although they may have some color in appearance, they are mostly white, and often have plate-like or columnar crystal shapes. In addition, they are completely cleaved in two directions. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish feldspars by appearance, and identification by the occurrence is sometimes effective. The English name feldspar comes from Swedish and means a stone with well-developed cleavage in till. [Satoshi Matsubara] [References] | | | | | | | | | | system| | | | | | | | |Produced on the outer rim of Lake Kuttara, Shiraoi-cho, Shiraoi-gun, Hokkaido ©Shogakukan "> Anorthite Made in former Czechoslovakia ©Shogakukan "> Orthoclase Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
地殻を構成する鉱物のうち、もっとも存在量が多い鉱物。アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属を主成分とするアルミノ珪酸塩鉱物(けいさんえんこうぶつ)で、アルミニウムとケイ素の比は1対3から2対2までの範囲にある。長石のうちよくみられるものは斜長石グループとカリ長石グループで、前者は三斜晶系に属し、ナトリウムを主成分とする曹長石から、カルシウムを主成分とする灰長石まで組成が連続する。後者には、単斜晶系の玻璃(はり)長石、正長石と三斜晶系の微斜長石が含まれる。ほかに、アルカリ金属を主成分とするアノーソクレース、バリウムを主成分とする重土長石celsian、ストロンチウムを主成分とするスローソン石slawsoniteがある。ほとんどの長石には生成温度による結晶構造の変化、温度の低下によって異なる二つの相に分離する離溶現象、双晶の出現といった性質が現れる。外観は、多少色がついているが、ほぼ白色で、板状、柱状の結晶形をしていることが多い。また、二方向の劈開(へきかい)が完全である。したがって外観で長石類を区別することは困難で、産状による識別が有効なことがある。英名のフェルスパーというのはスウェーデン語に由来し、漂礫(ひょうれき)土中の劈開がよく発達している石という意味である。 [松原 聰] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |北海道白老郡白老町 倶多楽湖外輪山産©Shogakukan"> 灰長石 旧チェコスロバキア産©Shogakukan"> 正長石 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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