Isome - Isome

Japanese: イソメ - いそめ
Isome - Isome

A general term for the family Eunicidae of the order Polychaeta of the phylum Annelida. About 20 species are known from the coasts of Japan, but some researchers classify closely related species such as the Sugokai isome, the Giboshi isome, and the Akamushi in this family. Most species live in coastal waters, but the coral worm Eunice tibiana lives on the seabed at depths of about 200 meters. There are large species such as the giant worm E. aphroditois , which can grow to about 1.5 meters in length, but normal species are about 5 to 20 centimeters long. The body is generally made up of many segments. The head has one to five tentacles and a pair of eyespots. Each segment has a pair of warty feet with thread-like or comb-like gills at the top. The mouth has powerful jaws that pinch and eat food. Most species live by burrowing into the sand, but some, like rock worms, live by digging holes in crevices in sedimentary rocks or inside coral reefs.

Palola siciliensis , found in the South Pacific, becomes palolo during its reproductive season in October and November, when the rear half of its body, filled with eggs and sperm, separates and swims to the surface of the water to release reproductive material. The natives of Samoa call this mbalolo, and eat it baked wrapped in banana leaves. E. schemacephala also turns into palolo in June and July in Florida and Jamaica, and this is called Atlantic palolo. Rock worms, bloodworms, and giant worms are used as fishing bait. The baits called sandworms and sandworms are species of the Nereid family.

[Minoru Imajima]

Main types of isome (specimen illustrations)
©Tomita Hyakushu ">

Main types of isome (specimen illustrations)

Amazing worm (ecology)
It stores its body in a long, thin tube that is filled with shell fragments and seaweed. © Underwater Fort Enterprise, Isamu Soyama ">

Amazing worm (ecology)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

環形動物門多毛綱遊在目イソメ科Eunicidaeの総称。日本各地の沿岸から約20種が知られているが、研究者によっては、スゴカイイソメ、ギボシイソメ、アカムシなどの近縁の種類をこの科に含めて分類している。ほとんどは沿岸性であるが、サンゴイソメEunice tibianaは、水深200メートルぐらいの海底にすむ。オニイソメE. aphroditoisのように、体長1.5メートルぐらいにもなる大形種もあるが、普通の種類は5~20センチメートルぐらいである。体は一般に多くの体節からなる。頭部には1~5本の感触手と1対の眼点がある。各環節にある1対のいぼ足には上部に糸状あるいは櫛歯(くしば)状のえらがある。口には強力なあごがあって餌(えさ)を挟んで食べる。大部分の種類は砂中に潜ってすむが、イワムシのように堆積(たいせき)岩のすきまやサンゴ礁の中に穴を掘ってすむものもある。

 南太平洋産のパロラ・シキリエンシスPalola siciliensisは、10~11月の生殖時期に、卵や精子が充満した体の後半部が切り離されてパロロとよばれるものとなり、水面に泳ぎ出して生殖物を放出する。これをサモアの原住民はムバロロmbaloloとよび、バナナの葉に巻いて焼いて食べる。またエウニケ・スケマケファラE. schemacephalaは、アメリカのフロリダやジャマイカで6~7月にかけてパロロになるが、これを大西洋パロロとよぶ。釣り餌(え)としてイワムシ(イワイソメ)、アカムシ(アカイソメ)、スゴカイイソメ(フクロイソメ)などが利用される。なおジャリメ、スナイソメなどとよばれている餌はゴカイ科の種である。

[今島 実]

イソメのおもな種類〔標本画〕
©冨田百秋">

イソメのおもな種類〔標本画〕

スゴカイイソメ(生態)
貝殻の破片や海藻をつけた細長い棲管に体を納める©水中フォート・エンタープライズ 楚山いさむ">

スゴカイイソメ(生態)


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