Madhyamaka-shūtra

Japanese: 中論 - ちゅうろん
Madhyamaka-shūtra

The most central book of Mahayana Buddhism. It is a collection of about 445 poems (called geju, consisting of 27 chapters in total) written by the 2nd-3rd century Indian scholar Nagarjuna, but it is included in later commentaries and the original geju alone has not been discovered. The original name is Mūlamadhyamaka-kārikā or Mādhyamika-śāstra. This book is the foundation of early Mahayana Buddhism, and all subsequent Mahayana Buddhism has inherited its ideas, so Nagarjuna is called the founder of the eight schools (all Buddhist sects). Its central ideas can be summed up as dependent origination, non-self-nature and emptiness. It begins with eight negations (eight nons), completely negates any independent substance or essence, that is, self-nature, and the idea of ​​establishing self-nature, through its unique theory of dependent origination based on interdependence, and describes the deep understanding of this as emptiness, and also as the middle way. It has extremely deep insights into not only Buddhist themes, but also language, truth, existence, movement, time, relationships, and more, and is now considered the highest book of religious philosophy and is a must-read for understanding Buddhist thought. There are seven commentaries on it, including the Shomoku, Butsugō, Shoben, An'ne, and Gesshō, in Sanskrit, Tibetan, and Chinese translations, and in China and Japan, the four-volume version translated by Shomoku Shaku and Kumarajiva was the most widely read.

[Mitsunori Saegusa]

"Complete Guide to the Madhyamaka-sastra by Mitsunori Saegusa (1985, Daisanbunmeisha)" " Madhyamaka-sastra: Thoughts on Dependent Origination, Emptiness, and the Middle Way" by Mitsunori Saegusa (1984, Daisanbunmeisha, Regulus Bunko)" "Nagarjuna by Hajime Nakamura (1980, Kodansha)"

[References] | Nagarjuna

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

大乗仏教のもっとも中心となる書物。2~3世紀インドの大学者の龍樹(りゅうじゅ)(ナーガールジュナ)の著した約445の詩(偈頌(げじゅ)といい、全体は27章からなる)であるが、後世付加された注釈のなかに含まれ、偈頌だけの原本は未発見。原名をムーラマドヤマカ・カーリカーMūlamadhyamaka-kārikāまたはマードヤミカ・シャーストラMādhyamika-śāstraという。初期大乗仏教を基礎づけた書物で、それ以降の大乗仏教はすべてその思想を受け継ぎ、そのため龍樹は八宗(仏教の全宗派)の祖と称せられる。その中心思想を一言でいえば、縁起(えんぎ)―無自性(むじしょう)―空(くう)で表される。八つの否定(八不(はっぷ))をもって始まり、なんであれ、独立の実体ないし本質、すなわち自性、および自性をたてようとする考えを、独自の相依(そうえ)による縁起説によって完全に否定し、それを深く体得したところを空とし、さらに中道(ちゅうどう)とも説く。仏教の諸テーマはもとより、広く言語・真理・存在・運動・時間・関係性その他にきわめて深い洞察があり、いまは宗教哲学の最高書とされ、また仏教思想を理解するためにかならず読まれる。青目(しょうもく)・仏護(ぶつご)・清弁(しょうべん)・安慧(あんね)・月称(げっしょう)などの諸注釈が、サンスクリット本、チベット訳本、漢訳本として計7種あり、中国、日本では青目釈・鳩摩羅什(くまらじゅう)訳の四巻本がもっぱら読まれた。

[三枝充悳]

『三枝充悳著『中論偈頌総覧』(1985・第三文明社)』『三枝充悳著『中論 縁起・空・中の思想』全3巻(1984・第三文明社・レグルス文庫)』『中村元著『ナーガールジュナ』(1980・講談社)』

[参照項目] | 龍樹

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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