Gassho (architecture)

Japanese: 合掌（建築） - がっしょう

…There are various types with different beam spacings, but the most typical is the Shinzuka truss shown in Figure c. The basic difference from Japanese-style truss is that the main building is supported by a climbing beam called a gassho, and the gassho is connected to the roof beam so that it does not open to the left or right. For this reason, the roof beam only bears tensile forces, and can be made of relatively thin materials. …

From [Rafters]

…In old architecture, the spacing is narrower, and if the gap between the members is the same as the rafter's length (the vertical distance from the bottom to the top of the length and width), it is called honshigewari, and if it is the same as the sum of the rafter's length and width, it is called hanshigewari. Normally, the roof load on the rafters is distributed downward through the ridgepole, main beam, and eaves beam, but if there are no ridgepole pillars, shinzuka, or rafters, and all the roof load is concentrated directly at the top of the two rows of walls, it is called a rafter structure, and the members in this case are distinguished as chiselled rafters or gassho. [Ota Kunio]…

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Gassho (architecture)" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…はり間寸法の大小でいろいろな形式があるが，図-cに示す真束（しんづか）小屋組みと呼ばれるものがもっとも代表的なものである。和風小屋組みと基本的に異なるのは，母屋を，合掌と呼ばれる登りばりで受け，その合掌が左右に開かないように小屋ばりで結ぶところである。このため，小屋ばりは引張力だけを負担することになり，比較的細い部材ですむ。…

【垂木】より

…古建築ではもっと間隔が狭く，部材のあきが垂木の成（せい）(長さ，幅に対して下端から上端までの垂直距離をいう)と同じものを本繁（ほんしげ）割り，垂木の成と幅の和と同じものを半繁割りという。ふつう垂木にかかる屋根の荷重は棟木や母屋，軒桁を通じて下方に分散されるが，棟持柱や真束（しんづか），小屋束がなく，すべての屋根の荷重が直接二列の壁の上端に集中するような垂木の組み方を垂木構造ともいい，その場合の部材は力垂木，または合掌として区別される。【太田邦夫】。…

※「合掌（建築）」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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