Chinese Revolutionary Party

A secret revolutionary society organized by Sun Yat-sen at the beginning of the Republic of China. After the Xinhai Revolution, the China Tongminghui rallied together small parties led by Song Jiaoren to form the Kuomintang, which tried to suppress the strengthening of Yuan Shikai's dictatorship through parliament, but was ineffective, and was defeated in the Second Anti-Yuan Revolution (July 1913). Sun Yat-sen attributed the defeat to the organization's lack of organization, and in 1914 (Taisho 3), in Tokyo, where he was in exile, he formed the Chinese Revolutionary Party as a secret society that was absolutely subservient to him. Although the organization's principles were civil rights, people's livelihood, and the overthrow of dictatorship, the organization became anti-popular, and its activities were limited to terrorism and military adventures, and it was unable to take an effective role in the Third Revolution (1916) and the Movement to Protect the Law. After the May Fourth Movement, it changed its name to the China Kuomintang in Shanghai in October 1919, aiming to transform into a populist party, and became an open political party.

[Masatake Wakabayashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中華民国成立当初、孫文が組織した革命秘密結社。辛亥(しんがい)革命後、中国同盟会は宋教仁(そうきょうじん)を中心に小党を糾合して国民党を結成、議会によって袁世凱(えんせいがい)の独裁強化を抑えようとしたが効果なく、反袁の第二革命（1913.7）にも敗れた。孫文は敗因を組織の散漫さに求め、1914年（大正3）亡命先の東京で、彼に絶対服従する秘密結社として中華革命党を結成した。民権主義、民生主義、専制打破を宗旨としたが、組織は非大衆的となり、活動はテロ、軍事冒険に終始し、第三革命（1916）、護法運動にも有効に動けず、五・四運動後、大衆的政党への脱皮を目ざして19年10月上海(シャンハイ)で中国国民党と改称、公開政党となった。

［若林正丈］

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