Kizaki Village Tenant Dispute

Japanese: 木崎村小作争議 - きざきむらこさくそうぎ

A tenant dispute began in late 1922 when farmers in Kizaki Village, Kitakanbara County, Niigata Prefecture (Toyosaka, Niigata City) demanded a reduction or exemption from rent. The following year, in 1923, they formed the Kizaki Village Farmers' Association and joined the Japan Farmers' Union (Nihon Noh) Kanto Alliance, and began making demands on landlords, such as the abolition of rice tax. Most landlords accepted the farmers' demands, but five hardline landlords filed a lawsuit demanding unpaid rent and the return of their land. The Nihon Noh side sent Miyake Shoichi and others to the area, formed the Nihon Noh Niigata Prefecture Federation, and continued the legal battle. In 1924, the landlords won the case, and a clash with police occurred over the provisional enforcement of the no-trespass order (the Toriyaura Incident), resulting in many arrests. The tenants appealed the case, claiming perpetual tenancy rights, and appealed for the establishment of farming rights by using tactics such as women's division members going to Tokyo, women's peddling caravan activities, and elementary school children closing their schools in a united effort. The Association of Proprietor-Free Peasant Schools was then established, a decision was made to build a Peasant Primary School and a Peasant Higher School, and construction of the school buildings began. On the day of the school's topping-out ceremony in July 1926, over 1,000 farmers clashed with police, and many of the leaders were arrested (Kuheibashi Incident). In September, a compromise was reached between the prefectural governor and the leaders of the dispute, with the alliance's school closure lifted, the proprietor-free Peasant School continuing as a Peasant Higher School, and the prefecture acting as a mediator in the dispute. However, the mediation failed, and with the split of the Japan Agricultural Cooperatives, the claim for perpetual tenancy rights was not accepted even in the appeal court, and the dispute ended in 1930 with the defeat of the tenant farmers. The Peasant Higher School had an undergraduate, graduate and specialist course, but closed in 1928 due to financial difficulties.
→Related Article Tenant Dispute | Japan Farmers Union

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

1922年末新潟県北蒲原郡木崎村（新潟市豊栄(とよさか)）の農民の小作料減免要求に始まる小作争議。翌1923年には木崎村農民組合連合会を結成，日本農民組合（日農）関東同盟に加盟，地主に込米撤廃などを要求し本格化。大部分の地主は農民の要求を受け入れたが，５人の強硬派地主は未納小作料請求・土地返還訴訟を起こしたため，日農側は三宅正一らを現地に送り，日農新潟県連合会を結成，法廷闘争を続けた。1924年地主側の勝訴となり，立入禁止仮執行をめぐり警官隊と衝突する事件（鳥屋浦事件）が起こり，多数の検挙者を出した。小作側は永小作権を主張して控訴，婦人部員の上京，婦人行商隊活動，小学校児童の同盟休校などの戦術によって耕作権の確立を訴えた。その後無産農民学校協会を設立，農民小学校・高等農民学校の建設を決定，校舎建設を開始，1926年７月学校上棟式当日1000名を超える農民と警官隊が衝突，幹部多数が検挙された（久平橋事件）。９月県知事と争議指導者の間で，同盟休校は解除，無産農民学校は高等農民学校として存続，県が争議調停にあたるなどの妥協が成立。しかし調停は失敗，日農の分裂もあり，永小作権主張は控訴審でも認められず，1930年小作側の敗北で争議は終わった。なお高等農民学校は本科・研究科・専修科を置いたが，1928年経営難のため閉鎖。
→関連項目小作争議｜日本農民組合

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