Czech playwright and novelist. Born on January 9th, as the son of a local practicing physician, he later moved to Prague, studied abroad in Paris and Berlin, and majored in philosophy at university. A few years after graduation, he entered the newspaper world, and in 1921 became a reporter for the Prague newspaper Lidové Noviny, where he wrote many articles until his death. He was also involved in the adaptation and direction of plays, and married the actress Olga Scheimpflugová. He began writing in his mid-20s, and co-wrote the play From the Life of Insects (1921) with his brother Josef (1887-1945, who died in a Nazi concentration camp), but he became famous overnight with the play R.U.R (El-U-El) (1920), which led to the spread of the neologism "robot" around the world. This work is a kind of prophetic work, pointing out that when the development of science and technology combines with human egoism, the order of nature will be destroyed and there will even be the danger of the extinction of the human race. Other science fiction works in this series include "The Absolute Factory" (1922) and "Krakatit" (1924). He made the protagonists of his works "ordinary" people, with whom he had deep sympathy, and was capable of expressing mystical observations and deductions about the trivialities of daily life with a rich sense of humor. One example is the collection of detective short stories "Tales from the Pocket" (1929), but works with a stronger philosophical coloring include the three-part novel "Hordubar" (1933), "Shooting Star" (1934), and "An Ordinary Life" (1934). In his later years, he felt a growing sense of crisis due to the rise of the Nazis, and two excellent plays that reflect this are "The White Death" (1937) and "Mother" (1938). The masterpiece that brings together these motifs is the long science fiction novel "The Salamander War" (1936). He also wrote many other works, including novels, plays, and children's stories "The Long, Long Doctor's Tale" (1932), travelogues to England and Italy, a collection of essays, and a collection of conversations with President Masaryk, with whom he was a close friend. He wrote many feuilletons (short newspaper pieces), which is comparable to that of the famous Czech novelist and poet Neruda. Many of his works have been edited and published after his death. He died on December 25, 1938. [Shu Iijima] "Selected Capek Novels, 6 volumes (1995-97, Seibunsha)" ▽ "Selected Capek Essays, 6 volumes (1996-97, Kobunsha)" ▽ "Capek in the Pocket, by Chino Eiichi (1975, Shobunsha)" ▽ "Karel Capek, by Ivan Klima, translated by Tasai Masuo (2003, Seidosha)" [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
チェコの劇作家、小説家。1月9日、地方の開業医の息子として生まれる。のちにプラハへ移住、パリ、ベルリンにも留学し、大学では哲学を専攻した。卒業後数年して新聞界に入り、1921年からプラハの『リドベー・ノビニ』紙の記者となり、以後死に至るまで多くの記事を執筆した。また劇の脚色や演出にも関係し、女優オルガ・シャインプフルゴバーと結婚。20代の中ごろから創作を開始し、画家で作家の兄ヨゼフ(1887―1945。ナチスの強制収容所で死亡)との共作戯曲『虫の生活から』(1921)などがあるが、劇『R・U・R(エルウーエル)』(1920)で一躍有名になり、新造語「ロボット」robotは世界中に流布した。この作品では、科学技術の発達が人間のエゴイズムと結び付くと、自然のもつ秩序が破壊され、ついには人類絶滅の危険さえあることが指摘されて、一種の予言的作品となっている。長編『絶対製造工場』(1922)、『クラカチト』(1924)などもこの系列に属するSFものである。 彼は自ら深い共感を寄せていた「平凡な」人間をその諸作品の主人公とし、日常細事についての神秘的考察や推理を、ユーモア豊かに表現する能力をもっていた。推理短編集『ポケットから出た話』(1929)などはその一例であるが、より哲学的色彩の濃いものとしては長編三部作『ホルデュバル』(1933)、『流星』(1934)、『平凡な人生』(1934)がある。晩年にはナチスの台頭による危機感が高まったが、それを反映する二つの優れた劇が『白死病』(1937)、『母』(1938)である。そしてこのような各モチーフを結集した傑作は長編SF『山椒魚(さんしょううお)戦争』(1936)であろう。ほかにも小説、劇、童話『長い長いお医者さんの話』(1932)、イギリスやイタリアへの旅行記、評論集、親交のあった大統領マサリクとの対話集など多くの著書がある。とくにフェイェトン(新聞用小品)の数は多く、この点では有名な同国の小説家であり詩人のネルダにも劣らない。死後もいくつもの作品が編集、出版されている。1938年12月25日没。 [飯島 周] 『『チャペック小説選集』全6巻(1995~97・成文社)』▽『『チャペック・エッセイ選集』全6巻(1996~97・恒文社)』▽『千野栄一著『ポケットのなかのチャペック』(1975・晶文社)』▽『イヴァン・クリーマ著、田才益夫訳『カレル・チャペック』(2003・青土社)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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