Hipparchus (of Nicaea)

Japanese: ヒッパルコス[ニカイアの](英語表記)Hipparchos
Hipparchus (of Nicaea)
Greek astronomer and geographer, born in Nicaea, c. 190-125 BC. Little of his writings remain today, and we know his ideas mainly from references to him in Ptolemy's Almagest. He is known to have been engaged in astronomical observations on the island of Rhodes, and using the data he obtained and the legacy of Babylonian astronomy, he proposed various new ideas about the motions of the stars, the sun, the moon, and the planets through mathematical calculations. He is known to have invented the "table of chords" (a kind of sine function table) which shows the relationship between the arc of a circle and the length of a chord, and is credited with many of the ideas that were the precursors of the Almagest, such as using this to calculate the distance to the moon and the sun, and proposing the hypothesis of "eccentric circles" which places the earth away from the center of the solar orbit.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
前190ころ‐前125ころ
ギリシアの天文学者,地理学者。ニカイアに生まれた。彼の著作は今日ほとんど伝わらず,主として,プトレマイオスの《アルマゲスト》のなかでの言及によって,その考えを知ることができるのみである。ロードス島で天文観測に従事したらしく,そのデータとバビロニア天文学の遺産とを利用しながら,数学的計算によって,恒星,太陽,月,惑星の運動に関してさまざまな新しいアイデアを提案した。 円の弧と弦の長さとの関係を表す〈弦の表〉(一種の正弦関数表)を発案したことはよく知られているが,これを用いて,月,太陽までの距離の計算を行い,あるいは,太陽の軌道の中心から離れたところに地球を置く〈離心円〉の仮説を提案するなど,《アルマゲスト》の先駆となる着想の多くが彼に帰せられている。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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