Epiphytes are plants that attach themselves to the trunks and branches of living plants, or to exposed rocks. They are often found in mosses, lichens, algae, ferns (such as selaginella and selaginella), and orchids, but are also found in other higher plants. The places where epiphytes attach tend to dry out more easily than soil, so the plant body does not die even if the water content drops, or has a structure that is favorable for retaining moisture. The growing environment of such epiphytes is characterized by low competition, so it is thought that plants that are weak in competition have chosen this epiphytic lifestyle. However, in areas with a lot of rain and that do not dry out easily, the variety and quantity of epiphytes increases significantly. Epiphytes are also indicator plants of air pollution. [Hajime Nobuhara] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
生きている植物の樹幹や樹枝、あるいは露出している岩上などに固着する植物をいう。コケ類、地衣類、藻類のほか、シダ植物(ノキシノブ、イワヒバ)、ラン科植物などに多くみられるが、その他の高等植物でも散見される。着生植物の固着する場所は土壌に比べて乾燥しやすいため、植物体は含水量が低下しても枯死しない、あるいは水分の保持に好都合となる体制をもっている。こうした着生植物の生育環境は競争が生じにくいという特徴があるため、競争に弱い植物が着生という生活を選んだとも考えられる。しかし、多雨地で乾燥しにくい所では着生植物の種類、量は著しく増加する。また、着生植物は大気汚染の指標植物となる。 [延原 肇] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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