A local electronic state that occurs when an electron or hole is captured by a lattice defect in an ionic crystal. Many of them absorb light in the near ultraviolet or visible range. Since crystals that are originally transparent often become colored, they are generally called color centers, and sometimes just color centers. The most typical color center is one in which an electron is captured in a vacant lattice of an anion, and is called the F center after the German word for color, Farbe. For example, in rock salt crystals, a bell-shaped absorption band with a maximum at 465 nm is produced. At this time, the crystal turns yellowish brown. F centers can be obtained by heating alkali halide crystals in alkali metal vapor or by irradiating them with radiation such as X-rays. When irradiated with X-rays, V centers are produced at the same time as F centers. V centers are related to holes and absorb in the ultraviolet range. Typical examples include the V k center and H center. Electron spin resonance measurements are effective for determining the structure of these color centers. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
イオン結晶中の格子欠陥に電子または正孔が捕えられて生じる局所的な電子状態。近紫外部または可視部の光を吸収するものが多い。本来は透明な結晶が色づく場合が多いので,一般に着色中心と呼ばれ,色中心ということもある。最も代表的な着色中心は陰イオンの空格子点に電子がとらえられたもので,色のドイツ語 FarbeにちなんでF中心と呼ばれる。たとえば岩塩結晶の場合,465nmに極大をもつ釣鐘形の吸収帯を生じる。このとき結晶は黄褐色となる。F中心はハロゲン化アルカリの結晶をアルカリ金属蒸気中で加熱するか,またはX線などの放射線で照射すると得られる。X線照射をするとF中心と同時にV中心も生じる。V中心は正孔に関係したもので,紫外部に吸収を生じる。代表的な例としては,Vk 中心やH中心などがある。これらの着色中心の構造決定には電子スピン共鳴の測定が有効である。
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