Local Public Servants Act - Chiho Koumuinho

This is a general and fundamental law that applies to local government officials. It was enacted in 1950 and was enacted by Law No. 261. Local government officials are divided into general and special positions, and this law applies only to the former. Local governments have a personnel committee or fairness committee as a personnel authority. The former are established in prefectures, designated cities, and other cities. The basic principles of the Local Government Officials Act that apply to employees include the principle of equal treatment, the method of recruitment through competitive examinations, the principle of ordinances on working conditions such as wages and working hours, and the principle of job security. The duties of public servants include the obligation to obey laws and orders from superiors, the prohibition of acts that bring discredit to one's credit, the obligation to maintain confidentiality, the obligation to devote oneself to one's duties, restrictions on political activities, the prohibition of industrial action, restrictions on working for profit-making companies, disciplinary and reprimands as exceptions to job security, and retirement age. In addition, there are detailed provisions on the means of relief for public servants, such as requests for measures to improve working conditions, appeals against unfavorable treatment, and employee organizations. The subsidiary laws to this law include the Special Law for Educational Public Servants, the Local Public Enterprise Law, the Local Public Enterprise Labor Relations Law, the Law Concerning the Organization and Administration of Local Education Administration, the Local Public Servants Accident Compensation Law, and the Local Public Servants Mutual Aid Association Law.

[Yasuhito Abe]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

地方公務員に適用される一般法かつ基本法。昭和25年法律第261号。地方公務員の職を一般職と特別職に分け、前者にのみ本法を適用する。地方公共団体には人事機関として人事委員会または公平委員会が置かれる。前者は都道府県、政令指定都市に置かれるほか、その他の市にも置くことができる。職員に適用される地方公務員法上の基本原則としては、平等取扱の原則、競争試験の採用方法、給与・勤務時間などの勤務条件条例主義、身分保障の原則などがあり、公務員の義務として、法令・上司の命令服従義務、信用失墜行為の禁止、守秘義務、職務専念義務、政治的行為の制限、争議行為の禁止、営利企業の従事制限、身分保障の例外としての分限および懲戒、定年などが定められている。さらに、公務員の救済手段である勤務条件措置要求、不利益処分に対する不服申立てや職員団体について詳細な規定がある。本法の付属法としては、教育公務員特例法、地方公営企業法、地方公営企業労働関係法、地方教育行政の組織及び運営に関する法律、地方公務員災害補償法、地方公務員等共済組合法などがある。

［阿部泰隆］

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