Arabic name used for various kinds of stringed instruments in the Islamic cultural sphere of Asia and Africa and its sphere of influence. Originally it referred to bowed lutes, but it also includes plucked instruments. Bowed lutes are broadly divided into two types: the wooden pear-shaped fiddle with a neck and body connected, and the spike fiddle (also known as kokyu) with a long neck that passes through the body. The former includes the rabab of North Africa and Turkey (now called kemençe in Turkey), and the Indian sarod (also called rabob or rubab, which is also a plucked instrument). Spike fiddles are further divided into those with a resonating body made of a wooden frame with a membrane stretched on both sides (which were originally plucked instruments) and those with a hemispherical resonating body made of a membrane-stretched wood or gourd (such as the Indonesian rebab), and are found in an extremely wide area from North Africa to Southeast Asia and East Asia. It is generally placed on the lap, either leaning diagonally against the torso or vertically, and plucked with a bow. There are two types of plucked string instruments: short-necked (such as the Afghan rubab) and long-necked (such as the Kashgar rubab). → Related topics: Kamanche | Bow Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
アジア,アフリカのイスラム文化圏およびその影響圏で,さまざまに異なった種類の弦楽器に使われるアラビア語の名称。元来弓奏リュートを指す語であったが,撥弦楽器も含む。弓奏リュートとしては,棹と胴がつながった木製の洋梨形のフィドルと,長い棹が胴を突き抜けているスパイク・フィドル(いわゆる胡弓)の二つに大きく分けられる。前者には,北アフリカやトルコのラバーブなどがあり(トルコでは今日ではケメンチェ),インドのサロード(ラボーブrabob,ルバーブrubabとも呼ばれ,撥弦楽器でもある)もこのタイプの楽器である。スパイク・フィドルはさらに,木枠の両面に皮膜を張った共鳴胴をもつもの(これは元来撥弦楽器であった)と,皮膜を張った木や瓢箪などでできた半球形の共鳴胴をもつもの(インドネシアのルバブrebabなど)とに分かれ,北アフリカから東南アジア,東アジアまで極めて広範囲に分布している。一般に膝の上に載せ,上体に斜めにもたせかけるか垂直に立てて弓で弾く。撥弦楽器としては,棹の短いタイプ(アフガニスタンのルバーブなど)と長いタイプ(カシュガル・ルバーブなど)がある。 →関連項目カマーンチェ|弓 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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