Jisho-ji Temple

This temple is of the Rinzai sect of Buddhism, Shokokuji school, located in Ginkakuji-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City. Its mountain name is Tozan. It is famous for its common name Ginkakuji. The principal image is Shakyamuni Buddha. In 1465 (Kansho 6), the eighth Ashikaga Shogun Yoshimasa began construction of a mountain villa on the former site of the Tendai sect Jodo-ji temple, and after the completion of the Tsunegosho in 1483 (Bunmei 15), he moved there and called it Higashiyamadono. In 1490 (Entoku 2), Yoshimasa died, and according to his will, the temple was converted into a Zen temple, with the priest Murodokoro of Shokoku-ji temple as the abbot, and Muso Soseki as the founder. The name Jisho-ji Temple was taken from Yoshimasa's Buddhist name. After Koreaki, the younger brother of the 10th Shogun Yoshitane, became the chief priest, many of the chief priests came from the five regent families. The tower in the garden (Kannon-den) is known as the Silver Pavilion and is as famous as the Golden Pavilion at Rokuon-ji Temple in Kitayama. However, the tower was completed in 1490, after Yoshimasa's death. At its peak, there were more than 10 palaces and pavilions, but today there are only the Togu-do Hall, the Silver Pavilion (both national treasures), the main hall, and the Rouseitei Pavilion. Although it is smaller in scale than Kinkaku-ji Temple, it is known as a masterpiece of Higashiyama culture that follows the spirit of tea ceremony, which values ​​elegance and simplicity. Ginkakuji is a multi-story building in the Hogyo-zukuri style, with the residential-style lower floor called Shinkuden and the Buddhist hall-style upper floor called Choonkaku, and houses the principal image of Kannon Bodhisattva. Togudo was Yoshimasa's personal Buddha hall, and Dojinsai in the eastern room is famous as Japan's first four-and-a-half-tatami teahouse. The garden, said to have been created by Soami (or Zenami, according to one theory), is modeled after the garden of Saiho-ji Temple, with the pond called Kinkyo-ike, the central mound of sand called Ginsha-dan, and the Mt. Fuji-shaped mound of sand called Kogetsu-dai, and every tree and stone has a name. It is a Special Historic Site and a Special Place of Scenic Beauty. In 1994, it was registered as a World Heritage Site (World Heritage Site. Kyoto's cultural assets include 17 shrines, temples, and castles, including Kiyomizu-dera Temple).

[Toshiaki Hirai]

"Ancient Temple Pilgrimage: Kyoto 20: Kinkakuji Temple and Ginkakuji Temple" (1977, Tankosha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

京都市左京区銀閣寺町にある臨済(りんざい)宗相国寺(しょうこくじ)派の寺。山号は東山(とうざん)。通称の銀閣寺で名高い。本尊釈迦牟尼仏(しゃかむにぶつ)。1465年（寛正6）足利(あしかが)8代将軍義政(よしまさ)は、天台宗浄土寺の旧跡に山荘の造営を始め、1483年（文明15）常御所(つねのごしょ)落成後に移り住み、これを東山殿(ひがしやまどの)と称した。1490年（延徳2）義政死去して、その遺命により禅寺に改め、相国寺の室処和尚を住持に迎え、夢窓疎石(むそうそせき)を勧請(かんじょう)開山とした。慈照寺の名は義政の法諱(ほうき)をとったもの。ついで10代将軍義稙(よしたね)の弟維明(これあき)が住持となってからは、五摂家より出て住持となる者が多かった。園中の楼閣（観音殿(かんのんでん)）は世に銀閣とよばれ、北山鹿苑寺(ろくおんじ)の金閣と並び称されている。ただし楼閣の落成は1490年、義政没後であった。盛時には殿閣、亭楼10余を数えたが、現在は東求堂(とうぐどう)、銀閣（以上は国宝）、本堂、弄清(ろうせい)亭などがあるにすぎない。金閣寺に比べると規模は小さいが、幽雅清淡を尊ぶ茶道精神にのっとる東山文化の代表作として知られる。銀閣は重層宝形造(ほうぎょうづくり)で、住宅風の下層を心空殿(しんくうでん)、仏殿風の上層を潮音閣(ちょうおんかく)と号し、本尊の観世音菩薩(かんぜおんぼさつ)を安置している。東求堂は義政の持仏(じぶつ)堂で、東の間の同仁斎(どうじんさい)は日本最初の四畳半茶室として著名である。相阿弥(そうあみ)（一説に善阿弥(ぜんあみ)）作と伝えられる庭園は西芳(さいほう)寺の庭園を模したもので、池を錦鏡(きんきょう)池、中央の砂盛りを銀沙灘(ぎんしゃだん)、富士形の砂盛りを向月台といい、一樹一石にすべて名がある。特別史跡・特別名勝。1994年（平成6）、世界遺産の文化遺産として登録された（世界文化遺産。京都の文化財は清水寺など17社寺・城が一括登録されている）。

［平井俊榮］

『『古寺巡礼　京都20　金閣寺・銀閣寺』（1977・淡交社）』

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