Generally, it refers to a unit of narrow-width fabric, but in recent times it has come to include wide-width fabrics and even to use it as a general term for all fabrics. The content of one unit for wide-width fabrics is 30, 40, or 50 yards (27.43, 36.58, or 45.72 meters) due to commercial customs and exports, with 50 yards for silk and rayon fabrics, 30 to 50 yards for cotton fabrics, 50 meters for worsted fabrics, 30 meters for woolen fabrics, and 55 meters for linen fabrics. For narrow-width fabrics, especially kimono fabrics, the unit was 9 sun 5 bu (approximately 36 centimeters) and 2 jo 6 shaku or 2 jo 8 shaku, and was the unit of cloth for adult kimonos, but nowadays, according to the metric system, one tan is 10 or 10.6 meters for cotton fabrics and approximately 11.4 meters for silk fabrics. Due to the current growth rate of people and the circumstances of the production areas, there is a strong tendency to standardize it to 11 meters. There are units of measurement for textiles such as hiki (hiki), tan (tan), dan (dan), and hada (end), and among these, tan and dan are often confused, with some saying that tan is a mistaken cursive form of the character dan (dan), but strictly speaking, they were classified according to the type of fiber or textile. Among these, hiki was used for silk textiles, and dan and hada for linen textiles, but tan appeared as a unit of measurement that was half a hikimono, and this gradually came to be generalized. Therefore, "one hiki" used as a unit of textiles or to indicate gifts refers to two tan. A bolt of cloth is usually rolled up on a board, but for kimono fabric, it is folded and wrapped in cardboard or rolled up on a stick about 3 cm in diameter. In the case of special bolts of cloth such as Ojiya Chijimi, they may be rolled without a core. [Kadoyama Yukihiro] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
一般に小幅織物の一単位をさしているが、最近では広幅織物を含めたもの、さらには織物の総称として使われるようになった。一単位の内容は、広幅織物では商慣習や輸出の関係もあり、30、40、50ヤール(27.43、36.58、45.72メートル)としており、絹・人絹織物は50ヤール、綿織物は30~50ヤール、梳毛(そもう)織物は50メートル、紡毛織物は30メートル、麻織物は55メートルが標準となっている。小幅織物とくに着尺地では、鯨尺九寸5分(約36センチメートル)、長さ二丈六尺または二丈八尺とし、成人和服用布量を単位としていたが、現在ではメートル法により綿織物では10メートルまたは10.6メートル、絹織物では約11.4メートルを一反としている。現在の身長の伸びぐあい、産地の事情から、11メートルに統一される傾向が強い。 織物の単位には、疋(ひき)、反、段、端などがあり、なかでも反と段は混同されていて、反は段の字の草体の誤りとするものもあるが、厳密には繊維・織物の種類などによって区分されていた。そのうち疋は絹織物に、段、端は麻織物に使われたが、反は疋物を半分にした単位として現れ、これがしだいに一般化されるようになった。したがって、織物の単位、あるいは贈答品の表示に使われる「一疋」とは、二反をさすことになる。 反物は普通、板に巻いて1本とするが、着尺地では折り畳み、ボール紙で包装するか、または直径3センチぐらいの棒に巻く。小千谷縮(おぢやちぢみ)などの特別な反物の場合には、芯(しん)なしで巻物とすることもある。 [角山幸洋] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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