Warranty - tamponsekinin

Japanese: 担保責任 - たんぽせきにん
Warranty - tamponsekinin

If there is a defect or deficiency in the object or right that is the subject of a contract, the person who provided it is liable for canceling the contract, reducing the price, and paying damages. This is called warranty liability. The Civil Code's provisions regarding warranty liability are set out in relation to gifts, sales, contracts, etc., but the most important case is sales.

The seller's warranty liability in a sale (Article 561 and following of the Civil Code) arises in cases such as when someone else's rights are sold, when part of the right that is the subject of the sale belongs to another person, when the quantity of the thing sold is insufficient, when part of the thing was already lost at the time of the contract, when there is a hidden defect in the subject of the sale (this is called the liability for warranty against defects), and the seller is liable to cancel the contract, reduce the price, or pay damages. The most important of these is the liability for warranty against defects (Articles 570 and 566 of the Civil Code), and the nature of this liability was previously interpreted as a liability specially determined by law (statutory liability), but today the prevailing theory is that it is a type of liability for breach of contract. In addition, in the case of a contract, when there is a defect in the subject of the work, the contractor is liable to repair the defect, cancel the contract, or pay damages (Article 634 and following of the Civil Code). In the case of a gift, since it is a gratuitous contract, the donor is only liable for warranty if he or she was aware of the defect or deficiency and failed to disclose it (Article 551 of the same Act).

[Takahisa Awaji]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

契約の目的たる物または権利に瑕疵(かし)または欠缺(けんけつ)があった場合、それを給付した者は、契約の解除、代金の減額、損害賠償などの責任を負う。これを担保責任という。担保責任に関する民法の規定は、贈与、売買、請負などについて定められているが、もっとも重要なのは売買の場合である。

 売買における売り主の担保責任(民法561条以下)は、たとえば、他人の権利を売買した場合、売買の目的たる権利の一部が他人に属する場合、数量を指示して売買した物が不足の場合、および物の一部が契約の当時すでに滅失していた場合、売買の目的物に隠れた瑕疵があった場合(これを瑕疵担保責任とよぶ)、などの場合に生じ、売り主は、契約の解除、代金の減額あるいは(かつ)損害賠償などの責任を負う。これらのうちでもっとも重要なのは瑕疵担保責任(同法570条・566条)であるが、その責任の性質は従来法律が特別に定めた責任(法定責任)と解されていたが、今日では債務不履行責任の一種と考える説が有力である。また、請負の場合には、仕事の目的物に瑕疵あるとき、請負人は瑕疵修補、契約の解除あるいは(かつ)損害賠償の責任を負う(同法634条以下)。なお贈与の場合には、無償契約であるので、贈与者がその瑕疵または欠缺を知って告げなかったときにだけ担保責任を負うにすぎない(同法551条)。

[淡路剛久]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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