A general term for plucked stringed instruments of the lute family found in Western and Central Asia. They are made of a pear-shaped or hemispherical wooden resonator (with a wooden soundboard) and a long neck, with a total length of 40 to 120 cm. Most of them have no string storehouse. The neck is wound with 10 to 48 movable frets (made of sheep intestine, etc.). The number of metal strings varies from 3 to 10, and usually several strings are tuned to the same pitch as one course, and each course is used for melody or sustained sound. The range is more than two octaves. The player holds the instrument vertically or horizontally on the ground or on his lap and plucks the strings with his fingers or a small plectrum. It is often used as a solo or accompaniment in folk music, but in Turkey it is also used in classical music. Similar instruments include the Indian tamboura and the Eastern European tambura. [Yoichi Yamada] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
西アジアや中央アジアのリュート属撥弦(はつげん)楽器の総称。洋ナシ形や半球形の木製共鳴胴(木製響板付き)に長い棹(さお)を取り付けたもので、全長40~120センチメートル。糸蔵のない形態が多い。棹には10~48本の可動フレット(羊腸製など)が巻かれる。金属弦の数は3~10本とさまざまで、普通、数本を一コースとして同音に調弦し、各コースを旋律用もしくは持続音用として使い分ける。音域は二オクターブ以上。奏者は、楽器を地面や膝(ひざ)の上に垂直に立てたり水平に構えたりして、指もしくは小さなプレクトラム(義甲)で弦をはじく。用途の多くは民俗音楽における独奏や伴奏だが、トルコでは古典音楽にも用いられる。同種の楽器に、インドのタンブーラや東ヨーロッパのタンブラなどがある。 [山田陽一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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