Carrier - carrier

Japanese: 担体 - たんたい(英語表記)carrier
Carrier - carrier
(1) A substance of equal or similar chemical properties that is added to very small amounts of radioactive elements to facilitate their separation. There are isotopic carriers and nonisotopic carriers.
(2) A substance that does not have catalytic activity itself but acts as a support or diluent for the catalyst. In particular, in heterogeneous catalytic reactions, it has the functions of increasing the effective surface area of ​​the catalyst, increasing activity, increasing resistance to poisoning, and preventing local heating due to reaction heat. Porous substances, diatomaceous earth, pumice, alumina, etc. are used.
(3) In partition chromatography, a porous material used to hold the stationary phase liquid. It is preferable that the stationary phase itself is inactive. Celite and diatomaceous earth are used in gas chromatography, while silica gel, powdered cellulose, and certain fluororesins are used in liquid chromatography.
(4) Charged particles that carry electric current in a material. Electrons are the main carriers, but ions can also be carriers. In semiconductors, there are majority carriers and minority carriers, and electrons or holes are the carriers. The carriers in semiconductors can be determined by the Hall effect. (→ Carriers)
(5) In the coprecipitation method, a substance added as a coprecipitation precipitate.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
(1) 非常に微量の放射性元素の分離を容易にするために加えるもので,化学的性質が等しいか,あるいは類似した物質。同位体担体と非同位体担体がある。
(2) それ自身は触媒作用をもたず,触媒の支持物あるいは希釈物となる物質をいう。特に不均一系触媒反応において,触媒の有効表面積を大きくして活性を増大し,被毒作用に対する抵抗を増し,反応熱による局部加熱を防止するなどの機能をもつ。多孔性物質,ケイ藻土,軽石,アルミナなどが用いられる。
(3) 分配型クロマトグラフィーにおいて,固定相液体を保持するための多孔性物質。それ自身は活性のないことが望ましく,ガスクロマトグラフィーではセライト,ケイ藻土などが,液体クロマトグラフィーではシリカゲル,粉末セルロース,ある種のフッ素樹脂などが用いられる。
(4) 物質中で電流を運ぶ役割をになう荷電粒子。電子が主であるが,イオンなども担体となりうる。半導体では多数担体と少数担体があるが,電子または正孔が担体である。半導体の担体はホール効果によって知ることができる。 (→キャリア )  
(5) 共沈法において,共沈用沈殿物として添加する物質。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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