A port city on the Gulf of Finland in Leningrad Oblast, northwest of the Russian Federation. Population 79,700 (2003 estimate). Located near the border with Finland, it was part of Finland from 1918 to 1940 and from 1941 to 1944. Finnish name is Viipuri. Machinery, fishery processing, and wood processing are the main industries. A castle built in the 13th century has been preserved, and the house where Lenin lived has been turned into a museum. [Taizo Nakamura] historyThe city developed around a castle built by the Swedish army in 1293, and since then has been the political, economic and cultural center of Sweden and Finnish West Karelia. Located at a key point on the East-West trade route, it has prospered through trade with other countries since ancient times, and served as Finland's outpost against Russia, becoming a battleground between East and West in many wars. In the early modern period, it was Finland's number one trading port due to the export of tar. It became part of Russia in the 1700s, but rejoined Finland in the 1800s and prospered as one of Finland's leading industrial cities. In 1939, the population was about 72,000. After the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939-40, it was ceded to the Soviet Union in the Moscow Peace Treaty (1940), but in 1941, war broke out again between the two countries over the ownership of the Karelia region, including Viipuri, and in 1944, the armistice agreement decided to cede Viipuri to the Soviet Union. In addition to the Vyborg Castle, there remains a circular tower built in the 16th century to strengthen the city's defenses. [Chieko Hagiya] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシア連邦北西部、レニングラード州、フィンランド湾に臨む港湾都市。人口7万9700(2003推計)。フィンランドとの国境近くにあり、1918~40年、41~44年フィンランド領であった。フィンランド語名ビープリViipuri。機械、水産加工、木材加工業が主要工業。13世紀建造の城が保存され、レーニンの住んでいた家屋が博物館になっている。 [中村泰三] 歴史1293年にスウェーデン軍が建設した城を中心に発達した都市で、以来スウェーデンおよびフィンランド領西カレリアの政治、経済、文化の中心地となった。また、東西貿易路の要所に位置するため、古来、海外との貿易で栄えるとともに、フィンランドのロシアに対する前哨(ぜんしょう)としての役目を果たし、幾多の戦争において東西間の攻防の場となった。とくに近世にはタールの輸出により、フィンランド第一の貿易港の地位を占めた。1700年代にロシア領となるが、1800年代にふたたびフィンランドに入り、フィンランド有数の工業都市として繁栄した。1939年当時の人口約7万2000。1939~40年のソビエト・フィンランド戦争ののち、モスクワ講和条約(1940)でソ連に割譲されたが、41年ビープリを含むカレリア地域の領有問題をめぐって両国間でふたたび戦争が勃発(ぼっぱつ)し、44年の休戦条約でビープリのソ連への割譲が決定した。ビープリ(ビボルグ)城のほかに、16世紀に都市の防衛強化のためにつくられた円形の塔が残る。 [萩谷千枝子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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