German legal scholar. Born in Berlin on August 13th. After studying at the University of Berlin, he became a professor of Roman law at the same university in 1858. During that time he served as a district court judge (1836-1850), a member of the House of Representatives (1858-1893), a member of the Imperial Diet (1868-1884), and a Supreme Court judge (1875-1877). Politically, he was a fighter for the National Liberal Party and was active in the issue of constitutional law, and his Modern British Constitutional and Administrative Law (2 volumes, 1857, 1860) was particularly well-known. When Hirobumi Ito and others traveled to Europe to research the constitution, he gave them lectures on the constitution for about six months, instructing them on the interests of constitutional politics. The contents of his lectures are recorded in the Seitetsu Dream Story as "The Talks of Mr. Gneist." The imperialism, strengthening of administrative power, and secrecy of the drafting process that Ito adopted when drafting the Constitution of the Empire of Japan were all based on the teachings of Gneist, and Gneist indirectly had a major influence on the drafting of the Constitution through his student Mosse, who became a legal advisor to the Meiji government. In his later years, he even lectured on the Constitution to the son of Emperor Frederick III. [Atsushi Sato] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの法学者。8月13日ベルリンに生まれる。ベルリン大学に学んだのち、1858年より同大学ローマ法教授。その間地方裁判所裁判官(1836~1850)、下院議員(1858~1893)、帝国議会議員(1868~1884)、最高裁判所裁判官(1875~1877)を務めた。政治的には国民自由党の闘士として憲法制定問題に活躍し、彼の『現代英国憲法および行政法』全2巻(1857、1860)はとくに名声を博した。伊藤博文(ひろぶみ)らが憲法調査のため渡欧した際には、約6か月にわたって伊藤らに憲法の講義を行い、憲法政治の利害を教授した。その内容は『西哲夢物語』のなかに「グナイスト氏談話」として伝えられている。伊藤が大日本帝国憲法制定の際にとった、欽定(きんてい)主義、行政権の強化、起草の秘密主義は、グナイストの教えによるものであり、グナイストは明治政府の法律顧問となった教え子のモッセを通じて、間接的に憲法起草に大きな影響を与えた。晩年には、フリードリヒ3世の皇子に憲法の講義もしている。 [佐藤篤士] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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