[What kind of disease is it?] It is a food-borne disease caused by infection with the bacteria Yersinia. ● Age group that is most susceptible People from school age to adolescence tend to be more susceptible. Seasons when it is most prevalent : Spring and autumn. Outbreaks are common, but they can also occur sporadically. [Symptoms] The incubation period is 4 to 10 days. A sudden fever of 38 to 40 degrees Celsius occurs, followed by chills, headache, and loss of appetite. From around the second day, a red rash of varying shades appears all over the body, but tends to appear in clusters on the elbows, wrists, knees, and ankles. The rash is itchy and the tongue may become strawberry-like. After 5-6 days, the rash will disappear and the fever will drop to around 37°C. Sometimes this will be enough to cure the condition, but the next day the fever will rise to 38-39°C and will often continue for 10 days to 2 weeks. During this period, a rash resembling hives or a rash called erythema nodosum may appear on the arms and legs. Other characteristics of this disease include right lower abdominal pain and mild diarrhea several times a day. After the second fever subsides, a third fever may occur, lasting for several days. It does not cause any additional illness or become life-threatening. [Treatment] Tetracycline antibiotics are effective. ● Key points for nursing at home: The high fever will continue, but the patient should not feel any discomfort. While the fever is high, have the patient lie on the floor and cool the head as much as is comfortable. If the abdominal pain is severe, apply a cold compress to the lower right abdomen. The patient may wake up at any time depending on how they feel, but as this is an illness that causes prolonged fever, please follow your doctor's instructions. [prevention] Infection occurs when you eat or drink well water or food that has been contaminated with rat feces or urine that carries the pathogen, so it is important to be careful to exterminate rats and store food and drink. Source: Shogakukan Home Medical Library Information |
[どんな病気か] 飲食物を通じて感染する病気で、エルシニア菌の感染が原因です。 ●かかりやすい年齢 学童から思春期にかけての年代の人が、かかりやすい傾向があります。 ●多発する季節 春と秋に多発する傾向があります。集団発生することが多いのですが、散発することもあります。 [症状] 潜伏期は4~10日です。急に38~40℃の熱が出て、寒け、頭痛、食欲不振がおこります。2日目ごろから、部位によって濃淡のある赤い発疹(ほっしん)が全身に現われますが、肘(ひじ)、手首、膝(ひざ)、足首などに密集して出る傾向があります。 発疹はかゆく、舌がいちご舌になることもあります。 5~6日して発疹が消えると、熱も37℃くらいまで下がります。これで治ることもありますが、その翌日あたりから熱が38~39℃に上がり、10日~2週間続くことが多いものです。この時期には、じんま疹(しん)のような発疹や結節性紅斑(けっせつせいこうはん)という発疹が、腕や下肢(かし)に現われることがあります。また、右下腹痛や1日数回の軽い下痢(げり)が多いのも、この病気の特徴です。 2度目の解熱の後、さらに3度目の発熱が数日続くこともあります。 余病をおこしたり、生命にかかわったりすることはありません。 [治療] テトラサイクリン系の抗生物質が効きます。 ●家庭看護のポイント 高熱が続きますが、苦しい思いはしません。高熱の間は床に寝かせ、気持ちのいい程度に頭を冷やします。腹痛が強ければ、右下腹部を冷湿布(れいしっぷ)します。 寝起きは病人の気分にまかせていいのですが、熱が長引く病気ですので、医師の指示を守ってください。 [予防] この病原菌をもっているネズミの糞(ふん)や尿で汚染された井戸水や食物をたべたり、飲んだりして感染しますから、ネズミの駆除と飲食物の保管に注意します。 出典 小学館家庭医学館について 情報 |
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