Daruma - Daruma

Japanese: 達磨 - だるま

[1] (noun) (transliteration of dharma. Literally translated as "law")① A Buddhist term. It means norm, truth, law, nature, teaching, thing, etc. ※Shoreishū-roku (c. 835), Fujino Daishi Tame Bouji Setsai Ganmon "Use Bodhidharma's wonderful treasure as a raft"② (2) It is made to imitate the seated statue, and is usually made of papier-mâché with everything except the face painted red. It is made with a heavy base so that it can get up immediately if it is knocked over. It is a lucky charm for business prosperity and good fortune, and there is a tradition that at first only one eye is put in, and when the wish is granted, the other eye is put in and both eyes are opened. ※Dangihon Furyu Shidokenden (1763) 2 "The beggar places a leather wallet on his lap and exposes his eyes like Bodhidharma (Dharma) ."③ A round-shaped one similar to ②. ④ A prostitute. It is so named because it falls over easily. Bodhidharma woman. ※Miscellaneous haiku, Yanagi Taru-24 (1791) "Without brothers, even a Daruma doll has nothing." ⑤ Refers to a monk. ※Miscellaneous haiku, Sumiyoshi Ontaue (1700) "The Daruma group eating a carp feast." ⑥ Haori. It is called this because it is missing from the waist down. ※Tonnen Kenniki Nazozukushi (1819) "The things that are given to old shops (tokake) and the zazen beans (tokake) of Junkei-cho (tokake) are full of Daruma dolls." ⑦ A bicycle with a large front wheel and a small rear wheel. ※Meiji Sekai Sha Hyakuwa (1936) <Yamamoto Shogetsu> Akihabara Folk Tales "The one called Daruma has a much larger wheel and a smaller rear wheel, this is also a two-wheeled vehicle." ⑧ A type of sweet. ※Shiobara Tasuke Ichidai-ki (1885) from Sanyutei Encho, vol. 15, "Other cheap snacks are Oichi, Minjimbo, Bodhidharma, tanuki shit-tsuku , etc. " ⑨ Abbreviation of "Snow Daruma (Snow Daruma)." ※Miscellaneous Haiku, Yanagi Taru-41 (1808), "The cold things that lead to greatness" ⑩ A secret word. Used by thieves and enemies to kill. [A Collection of Secret Words (1915)] ※Iyana Kanji (1960-63) from Takami Jun, vol. 4, "I love dharma (killing) though." [2] The founder of Zen Buddhism in China. Bodhidharma. Posthumous name Engaku Daishi. A prince of Xiangzhi in southern India, he traveled to China in the early 6th century and attained enlightenment by meditating in front of a wall at the Shaolin Temple in Songshan. There are many famous legends about him, such as his debate with Emperor Wu of the Liang Dynasty and his return to India after his death. In ancient times, he was written as "Dharma". Bodhidharma Daishi. Year of birth and death unknown. [Etymology] The original reading was "Dharma" according to the Sanskrit pronunciation, but later it was also read as "Datsuma" or "Tatsuba" according to the Chinese character pronunciation. The reading "Tatsuba" can already be seen in the "Hokkekyo Haranishu" owned by Daigoji Temple, which is said to convey the reading of Jikaku Daishi Ennin ( 794-864 ).

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

[1] 〘名〙 (dharma の音訳。「法」と意訳)① 仏語。規範・真理・法則・性質教説・事物などの意。※性霊集‐六（835頃）藤大使為亡児設斎願文「達磨の妙宝を筏とし」② (二)の坐像にまねて作り、普通、顔面以外を赤く塗った張り子。底を重くして倒してもすぐ起きるように作る。商売繁盛・開運出世の縁起物で、最初片目だけを入れておき、願いごとがかなった際もう一つの目を入れて両眼をあけるならわしがある。※談義本・風流志道軒伝（1763）二「掛乞は皮財布を膝に敷きて、達磨(ダルマ)のやうな目をむき出し」③ ②に似たまるい形のもの。④ 売春婦。すぐにころぶところからいう。達磨女。※雑俳・柳多留‐二四（1791）「兄弟か居ぬとだるまも無一物」⑤ 僧侶をいう。※雑俳・住吉御田植（1700）「をとたかき鯉で食喰ふ達磨衆」⑥ 羽織。腰から下がないのでいう。※当年見聞謎づくし（1819）「古手屋中の上げもの（トかけて）順慶町の座禅豆（トとく心は）達磨がたんとある」⑦ 自転車で、前輪が大きく後輪が小さいもの。※明治世相百話（1936）〈山本笑月〉秋葉の原昔話「達摩と称する、一輪はずっと大きく後輪は小さいこれも二輪車」⑧ 菓子の一種。※塩原多助一代記（1885）〈三遊亭円朝〉一五「其外駄菓子はお市、微塵棒、達磨、狸の糞抔(など)で」⑨ 「ゆきだるま（雪達磨）」の略。※雑俳・柳多留‐四一（1808）「大道へ達广の出来る寒ひ事」⑩ 隠語。盗人・てきや仲間で殺人をいう。〔隠語輯覧（1915）〕※いやな感じ（1960‐63）〈高見順〉四「ダルマ（殺し）は俺は大好きだが」[2] 中国の禅宗の始祖。菩提達磨。諡号は円覚大師。南インド香至国の王子で、六世紀のはじめ中国に渡り、嵩山の少林寺で面壁坐禅して悟りを得たという。梁の武帝との対論、没後のインド帰国など、多くの有名な伝説がある。古くは「達摩」と書いた。達磨大師。生没年不詳。[語誌]梵語音に従った「ダルマ」が本来の読み方であるが、後に漢字音によって「ダツマ」「タツバ」とも読まれた。「タツバ」の読み方は既に慈覚大師円仁（七九四‐八六四）の読み方を伝えるという醍醐寺蔵「法華経陁羅尼集」などにも見られる。

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