Applied geography

Japanese: 応用地理学 - おうようちりがく(英語表記)applied geography
Applied geography

A branch of geography. It is an independent field that grew out of applied geography. Unlike geography, which aims at theoretical research, applied geography aims to establish geographical views on social improvement and proper use of the environment. Since the early history of mankind, geography has responded to the needs of people, such as food, clothing, shelter, and transportation. Since ancient times, surveys of households and products, map making, and land development have been carried out, and have been useful for improving people's lives and governing the country. As modern geography has developed, geographical thinking and methods have come to be widely applied in various fields. Applied geography became independent after World War II, and its research fields are diverse, including industrial location, resource development, environmental improvement, urban planning, transportation planning, population issues, food issues, and regional development, and it is also useful for disaster prevention, administrative divisions, border issues, and use of the oceans.

Trade area surveys and other studies are important data for deciding the location of business establishments, not only for public enterprises but also for private companies. The information provided by geography not only shows regional changes in detail, but also requires comprehensive observation in order to come close to correct scientific judgment. In particular, applied geography plays a major role in national land planning. Notably, in the 1930s, TVA's comprehensive regional development was launched in the United States, and it produced results in land use surveys by Stamp (Britain), spatial (regional) development in the Ruhr area, and regional planning in the Soviet Union. In Japan, applied geographers are also active in basic research on land use, water resources, and disaster prevention, as well as in central and local development planning.

[Shinzo Kiuchi]

"Applied Geography," edited by the Asakura Geography Lecture Editorial Committee (1969, Asakura Publishing)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

地理学の一分科。地理学の応用的分野が成長して独立したもので、理論的研究を目標とする地理学に対し、社会の改善や環境の適正な利用などに、地理学的な見解を樹立することを目的としている。地理は人類の歴史の初期から、衣食住、交通などの必要にこたえ、古代より戸口(ここう)・産物の調査、地図作製、土地開発などが始まって、民生の充実や統治などに役だってきた。近代地理学の発達に伴って、地理学の思考と方法は広く各方面に応用されるようになった。応用地理学が独立したのは第二次世界大戦後で、研究分野は産業立地、資源開発、環境整備、都市計画、交通計画、人口問題、食糧問題、地域開発など多岐にわたるほか、災害防止、行政区画、国境問題、海洋の利用などについても役だっている。

 公的事業においてはもとより私企業においても、商圏調査などは、事業所の立地を決める重要な資料となっている。地理学が提供する情報は、地域的変化を詳しく示すのみでなく、総合的観察を行って初めて正しい科学的判断に近づくことができる。とくに応用地理学は国土計画に主要な役割を演じている。なかでも1930年代には、アメリカでTVAの総合地域開発が始められ、スタンプ(イギリス)による土地利用調査、ルール地方の空間(地域)整備、ソ連の地域計画などに成果をあげた。わが国においても、土地利用、水資源、災害予防の基礎調査や、中央および地方の開発計画に応用地理学者が活躍している。

[木内信藏]

『朝倉地理学講座編集委員会編『応用地理学』(1969・朝倉書店)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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