Tallinn - Tallin (English spelling)

Japanese: タリン - たりん(英語表記)Tallin
Tallinn - Tallin (English spelling)

The capital of the Republic of Estonia. It faces the Gulf of Finland, across the bay from Helsinki. It has a population of 403,981 (2000). German name: Reval. It is the political, economic and cultural center of the Republic of Estonia. It is one of the important ports on the Baltic Sea, with large-scale port facilities. It is also important militarily, with shipyards and other naval facilities. It is also an industrial city that produces electrical machinery, paper, pulp, furniture, textiles, leather and pianos. It is a city with a long history, and a fortress was built in 1219 by King Valdemar II of Denmark. Due to its excellent geographical location as a transit point for maritime trade between Europe and Russia, it developed into a major city on the Baltic Sea coast in the 13th and 14th centuries. It joined the Hanseatic League at the end of the 13th century and developed as a trading port, but in 1346 it fell into the hands of the Teutonic Knights, and its rulers later changed hands to Sweden and Russia. In 1918 it became the capital of the independent state of Estonia and was called Revel' (until 1940). In 1940 it was incorporated into the Soviet Union. During World War II it was occupied by German troops and suffered serious damage. Estonia regained its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. The city area consists of three districts, each with many historical buildings: the hilly district with its 13th and 14th century fortress, the old town surrounded by castle walls built in the 14th to 16th centuries, and the new town that spreads out beyond that. There are also many cultural facilities, such as the Academy of Sciences, various research institutes, universities, theaters and museums. In 1997 the old town was registered as a World Heritage Site (World Cultural Heritage).

[Shigeru Yamamoto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

エストニア共和国の首都。フィンランド湾に面し、湾を挟んでヘルシンキと対峙(たいじ)する位置にある。人口40万3981(2000)。ドイツ語名レーバルReval。エストニア共和国の政治、経済、文化の中心地。バルト海の重要港湾の一つで、大規模な港湾施設をもつ。軍事的にも重要で、造船所をはじめ海軍軍事施設がある。電気機械、紙、パルプ、家具、繊維、皮革、ピアノを生産する工業都市でもある。古い歴史のある都市で、デンマーク王バルデマー2世が1219年に要塞(ようさい)を建設した。ヨーロッパとロシアの海上貿易の中継地として地理的に優れた位置にあるため、13~14世紀にはバルト海沿岸の大都市に発展した。13世紀末にはハンザ同盟に加盟し、貿易港として発展したが、1346年にチュートン騎士団の手に落ち、のちにスウェーデン、ロシアと支配者が変わった。1918年には独立したエストニア国の首都となり、レーベリRevel'とよばれた(1940まで)。40年ソ連邦に編入。第二次世界大戦中ドイツ軍に占領され、重大な戦禍を受けた。エストニアは、91年にはふたたびソ連からの独立を達成した。市域は次の三つの地区からなり、歴史的建造物が多い。13~14世紀の城塞のある丘陵地区、14~16世紀に建造された城壁に囲まれた旧市街、その外側に広がる新市街の3地区である。科学アカデミー、各種研究所、大学、劇場、博物館など文化施設も多い。1997年に旧市街は世界遺産の文化遺産として登録されている(世界文化遺産)。

[山本 茂]

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